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O objetivo deste artigo é mostrar que, tal como no Portugal metropolitano, também no ultramar as Misericórdias foram instituições fundamentais como instâncias de garantia do sistema de assistência pública, instrumentos moralizadores das comunidades, núcleos de poder local e, portanto, estruturas homogeneizadoras de um império espacialmente descontínuo e com especificidades tão diversas como as que se refletem nos modelos institucionais e administrativos adotados. Analisa-se ainda os conflitos vividos pelas Misericórdias do "além-mar" ao procurarem defender o monopólio da prática da assistência, sempre com o auxílio do Estado que, assim, garantia a sua soberania sobre instituições que eram centros de efetivo poder e, por isso, assediados pelos representantes da Igreja. Contudo, nem o apoio régio seria capaz de travar o declínio das Misericórdias que, em todo o reino - à exceção do Brasil - entraram no século XVIII em declarada agonia. The aim of this article is to show that overseas, as well as in metropolitan Portugal, the Misericórdias (Catholic lay assistance orders) were fundamental institutions, which played several relevant roles. They came to be guarantors of a public assistance system, moralizing instruments for the communities, local power nuclei and, consequently, homogenizing structures of an empire geographically discontinuous and whose specific characteristics were as varied as those found in its institutional and administrative models. This article also analyzes the conflicts that overseas Misericórdias went through when they tried to keep the monopoly of assistance activities, always with the help of the government, which could so guarantee its sovereign power over institutions that were real centers of power and, consequently, constantly beset by representatives of the Catholic Church. However, not even royal support was capable of keeping the Misericórdias from declining or starting the 18th century in death agony everywhere in the empire, but in Brazil

O papel das Misericórdias dos 'lugares de além-mar' na formação do Império português