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O presente artigo enfoca a singularidade do pensamento médico de Arnaldo de Vilanova em comparação com o que prevalecia entre seus contemporâneos no continente europeu no século XIII. Outrossim, aventa ser sua peculiaridade fruto da influência árabe que este pensador cristão recebeu na juventude em sua Valência natal, e que continuou a prevalecer até depois de seus estudos na Escola de Medicina de Montpellier. Daí a preocupação deste estudo em, primeiro, delinear o universo cultural e científico de Valência e, em seguida, esmiuçar aspectos bem conhecidos da medicina vilanovana que patenteiam a duradoura preponderância do ambiente valenciano mesmo na maturidade de Arnaldo de Vilanova. The present article focuses attention on the singularity of Arnau de Vilanova's medical thought in comparison with that predominating among his thirteenth-century contemporaries on the European continent. Moreover, it propounds that such peculiarities were a result of Arabic influences upon this Christian thinker during his youth, in his native city of Valencia, and which continued to prevail even after his studies at the Montpellier School of Medicine. That is why the study first draws a sketch of Valencia's cultural and scientific universe, and then goes on to analyze well-known aspects of Arnau de Vilanova's medical ideas, where the enduring preponderance of the Valencian environment is evident, even in his later years

O universo cultural e científico valenciano durante os séculos XIII e XIV e a contextualização da obra de Arnaldo de Vilanova