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Areas with Aruana grass (Panicum maximum Jacq.) in Brazilian pastures, especially those used by sheep, have expanded due to yield and morphological characteristics of this grass that are favorable to these animals. Nevertheless, the knowledge concerning yield attributes of this grass in relation to nitrogen fertilization is very limited. The objective of this research was to evaluate yield and physiological attributes in this forage grass when grown in nutrient solutions containing N rates. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse with plastic pots containing ground quartz as substrate, during the Spring season. Six N rates in the solution (14, 112, 210, 294, 378, and 462 mg L-1), with 70% N-NO3- and 30% N-NH4+ were tested. Experimental units were set up in a completely randomized block design, with four replications. Plants were harvested at 35 days after the seedlings were transplanted to the pots and again at 28 days after the first harvest. After the second harvest, the roots were taken from the substrate. In both growing periods, dry matter yield for plant tops and roots, leaf area, number of expanded green leaves, number of tillers, leaf appearance rate, and phyllochron were significantly affected by the N rates, and the data were adjusted to a second-order model. Aruana grass required high rates of N to show maximum response in those variables. No Brasil, as áreas de pastagens formadas com o capim-Aruana (Panicum maximum Jacq.), particularmente destinadas ao pastejo por ovinos, têm crescido devido às características produtivas e estruturais da gramínea, propícias à exploração destes rebanhos. Porém, o conhecimento do comportamento produtivo do capim-Aruana relacionado à adubação nitrogenada é escasso. Avaliaram-se atributos produtivos e fisiológicos desta gramínea forrageira, quando submetida a doses de N em solução nutritiva. O experimento foi conduzido em casa-de-vegetação, utilizando vasos contendo sílica como substrato, no período da primavera. Foram estudadas seis doses de N correspondentes a 14; 112; 210; 294; 378 e 462 mg L-1, mantidas na proporção constante de 70%:30% entre N-NO3- e N-NH4+. O delineamento experimental foi o de blocos ao acaso, com quatro repetições. As plantas foram colhidas aos 35 dias após o transplante das plântulas e aos 28 dias após o primeiro corte, procedendo-se nesta ocasião, a separação das raízes da sílica. A produção de massa seca da parte aérea e das raízes, a área foliar, o número de folhas verdes expandidas, o número de perfilhos, a taxa de aparecimento de folhas e filocrono no primeiro e segundo cortes, foram influenciados pelas doses de N, ajustando-se ao modelo quadrático de regressão. O capim-Aruana mostrou-se exigente ao fornecimento de N para expressar o seu máximo potencial nas variáveis analisadas

Yield components and morphogenesis of Aruana grass in response to nitrogen supply