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A fenestração do disco intervertebral faz parte dos procedimentos cirúrgicos indicados para tratamento da doença do disco intervertebral. Este estudo teve como objetivo observar, em 45 cadáveres caninos, se a fenestração ventral e lateral dos discos intervertebrais cervicais e toracolombares respectivamente pode gerar riscos à medula espinhal. Tais cães eram adultos jovens, neurologicamente sadios, com peso oscilando entre sete e 13kg, dos quais em 25 foi retirado o segmento cervical C1-C7 e nos demais foi extraído o segmento toracolombar T11-L4, para abertura do canal vertebral (escolheram-se aqueles não afetados por protrusão ou extrusão discal), realização de incisão dorsal do disco até atingir o núcleo pulposo e posterior aplicação e análise das técnicas de fenestração ventral e lateral (ambas com janela e sem janela). Nos 100 discos intervertebrais cervicais fenestrados, observou-se um total de 78 extrusões dorsais de material discal, 55% delas pertencentes ao grupo da fenestração com janela e 45% pertencentes ao outro grupo. Dos 120 discos intervertebrais toracolombares fenestrados, observou-se um total de 68 (56,6%) extrusões de núcleo pulposo, sendo 47% delas pertencentes ao grupo com janela e 53% pertencentes ao grupo sem janela. Verificou-se que a fenestração de discos intervertebrais, com ou sem criação de uma janela no ânulo fibroso, pode deslocar núcleo pulposo para o interior do canal vertebral. Foi observada, através de análise estatística, diferença significativa entre os resultados obtidos das fenestrações dos discos intervertebrais cervicais e toracolombares. Porém não ocorreram tais diferenças ao se compararem os métodos de fenestração com e sem janela, realizados tanto na região cervical quanto na toracolombar. Intervertebral disc fenestration is among the recommended surgical procedures in the management of intervertebral disc disease. It was designated this study, to evaluate the potential for damage to the spinal cord during ventral cervical and lateral thoracolumbar fenestration procedures. Fourty five cadavers of stray dogs of both sexes and various breeds, were used. All dogs were young adults, neurologically normal and with body weight ranging from 7 to 13kg. From 25 dogs, the cervical spinal segment comprehending C1-C7 was freshly collected after death, while from the remaining 20 dogs, the thoracolumbar segment T11-L4 was equally freshly harvest. The spinal canal was opened (all the dogs were free of intervertebral disc disease) and a dorsal incision was performed through the annulus fibrosus of the intervertebral disc until the nucleus pulposus was reached. A either ventral or lateral fenestration, with and without window openening was immediately performed. From a total of 100 fenestrated cervical intervertebral discs, 78 dorsal extrusions of disc material were observed, being 55% in the window group and 45% in the non-windowed group. From the 120 thoracolumbar fenestrated discs, 68 (56.6%) presented dorsal extrusion of nucleus pulposus material into the spinal canal. Fourty-seven of these occurred in the window group, whereas 53% of the extrusions occurred in the non-window group. It was verified that intervertebral disc fenestration, with or without the opening of a window in the annulus fibrosus can result in disc material extrusion towards the vertebral canal. The incidence of extrusion was significantly higher in the cervical region when compared to the thoracolumbar area (p< 0.01), but there were no differences in disc extrusion rates between the window and non-window techniques in either cervical or thoracolumbar areas

Freqüencia de extrusões de núcleos pulposos cervicais e toracolombares, em cadáveres caninos submetidos à técnica de fenestração