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Sistemas de cultivo e de manejo de solo podem alterar as propriedades químicas do solo. Após oito anos (1985 a 1993), a fertilidade do solo foi avaliada, num Latossolo Vermelho Distrófico típico, em Passo Fundo, RS, em quatro sistemas de manejo do solo: 1) semeadura direta (SD); 2) cultivo mínimo (CM); 3) preparo convencional do solo com arado e grade de discos (PCD); e 4) preparo convencional do solo com arado de aivecas e grade de discos (PCA), e em três sistemas de cultivo: sistema I (trigo/soja), sistema II (trigo/soja e ervilhaca/milho) e sistema III (trigo/soja, ervilhaca/milho e aveia branca/soja). O delineamento experimental foi em blocos completos ao acaso, com parcelas subdivididas, e três repetições. A parcela principal (4 x 90m) foi constituída pelos sistemas de manejo do solo e a subparcelas (4 x 10m), pelos sistemas de cultivo. Os valores de pH, Al, Ca + Mg trocáveis, matéria orgânica (MO), P extraível e K disponível diferiram entre os sistemas de manejo e de cultivo do solo. Os teores de MO, P e K, na camada 0-5cm, foram mais elevados nos sistemas conservacionistas (CM e SD) em relação àqueles observados nos preparos convencionais do solo (PCD e PCA). Os valores de MO, P e K foram mais elevados na camada 0-5 cm, quando comparada com a observada de 15 a 20cm de profundidade, em todos os sistemas de manejo e cultivo do solo. Cropping systems and soil managment can change soil chemical properties. Soil fertility characteriscs were assessed after eight years (1985 to 1993) on a typical dystrophic red latosol located in Passo Fundo, State of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Four soil management systems - 1) no-tillage, 2) minimum tillage, 3) conventional tillage using a disk plow plus disk harrow, and 4) conventional tillage using a moldboard plow plus disk harrow - and three cropping systems [I (wheat/soybean), II (wheat/soybean and common vetch/corn), and III (wheat/soybean, common vetch/corn and white oat/soybean)] were evaluated. A randomized complete block design, with split-plots and three replicates, was used. The main field plots (4 x 90m) were formed by soil management systems, while the subplots (4 x 10m) consisted of crop systems. The pH and concentration of exchangeable Al, exchangeable Ca + Mg, soil organic matter, extractable P, and exchangeable K were affected by soil management and cropping systems. Higher contents of soil organic matter, extractable P, and exchangeable K were observed in the 0-5cm layer for the conservation tillage systems (minimum tillage and no-tillage), as compared to the conventional tillage systems (disk plow and moldboard plow). The values of soil organic matter, P, and K were higher in the 0-5 cm layer, when compared to the ones observed in the 15-20cm layer, in all soil management and cropping systems

Disponibilidade de nutrientes e teor de matéria orgânica em função de sistemas de cultivo e de manejo de solo