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Os processos industriais mais utilizados na producao de combustiveis liquidos semelhantes ao diesel usam catalisadores homogeneos basicos atraves das metanolise e etanolise de oleos tais como os de soja, canola, palma entre outros. Desse modo, se obtem o biodiesel. Por sua vez, transformacoes termo-cataliticas usando as facilidades existentes nas refinarias de petroleo sao alternativas que merecem atencao devido a sua viabilidade economica. De fato, tres processos industriais ja estao em funcionamento e novos projetos estao em fase final para comercializacao. O presente trabalho analisa os experimentos ja realizados por pesquisadores brasileiros nas areas do craqueamento, do craqueamento catalitico e do hidrocraqueamento catalitico dos oleos vegetais puros ou modificados. A partir dos resultados descritos, sao sugeridas novas direcoes destas pesquisas para os proximos anos. The most used industrial processes for the production of liquid fuels like diesel type are based on the methanolysis and ethanolysis of various oil reactants, such as palm, soybean and rapeseed oils, in the presence of homogeneous base catalysts. However, thermal and catalytic transformations of vegetable oils using available reactors and industrial processes are possible alternatives and deserve attention. In fact, three industrial processes are operating and new projects are announced. The present work analyses the experimental studies performed up to now by Brazilian researchers in the field of cracking, catalytic cracking and hydrocracking of pure or modified vegetable oils. From the published results, some research areas for the near future are suggested.

Cracking and hydrocracking of triglycerides for renewable liquid fuels: alternative processes to transesterification