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OBJETIVO: A função do Sistema Nervoso Intrínseco Cardíaco e o seu papel na doença cardíaca permanecem pobremente compreendidos. Sabe-se que o cloreto de benzalcônio (CB) induz a desnervação intrínseca do tubo digestivo. O objetivo deste estudo foi tentar produzir um modelo experimental de desnervação intrínseca do coração utilizando o CB. MÉTODO: Trinta ratos Wistar foram submetidos à aplicação intrapericárdica de CB (0,3%) e trinta animais controle receberam a solução salina. Após 15 dias, os animais foram divididos em três grupos, com 10 animais tratados e 10 controles em cada. Os animais do grupo I foram submetidos a estudo radiológico e histopatológico. A área cardíaca e o índice cardiotorácico (ICT) foram medidos nas radiografias. Os animais do grupo II foram submetidos a estudo hemodinâmico com registro da pressão arterial, freqüência cardíaca e débito cardíaco. No grupo III, a integridade da inervação parassimpática extrínseca do coração foi avaliada por estimulação vagal direita. O sistema de condução foi avaliado pelo ECG basal. RESULTADOS: A aplicação de CB acarretou aumento do ICT, da área cardíaca, pressão arterial e débito cardíaco, bem como do peso ponderal e do fígado. Nestes animais, a análise histopatológica mostrou redução do número de neurônios atriais e congestão passiva crônica do fígado. A estimulação vagal não mostrou diferenças entre os grupos experimentais. CONCLUSÃO: A ablação do sistema nervoso intrínseco propiciou o aparecimento de cardiopatia dilatada com insuficiência cardíaca direita e esquerda. Esse modelo experimental inédito deverá nortear futuros estudos na tentativa da elucidação da relação entre lesão neuronal e miocardiopatia. OBJECTIVE: The function of Intrinsic Cardiac Nervous System is largely unknown, as is its role in heart disease. In the digestive system, a topic aplication of Benzalkonium chloride (BC) leads to intrinsic denervation of the viscera. Thus, our aim was to obtain an experimental model of cardiac intrinsic denervation by the application of BC. METHOD: Thirty male Wistar rats received intrapericardic injection of CB 0.3% (CB animals) and thirty similar animals received saline (C animals). After 15 days the animals were divided in three groups, with 10 CB-treated and 10 saline-treated animals each. Group I was submitted to radiological and morphologic studies. The cardiac shadow area (CSA) and cardiothoracic index were calculated in roentgenograms with a semi-automatic image analysis system (MINI-MOP). The day after the animals were weighted and sacrificed with heart, liver and lung collected for histopathologic analysis. The animals of group II were submitted to a hemodynamic study. Measurements of blood pressure, heart rate and cardiac output were performed using the Cardiomax II termodilution system and a Termistor sensor. With the animals of the group III, the integrity of extrinsic parassympatic cardiac innervartion was examined by measuring heart rate response to electrical stimulation of the right vagus. Electrical activity was assessed by ECG. RESULTS: CB animals presented increases in cardiothoracic index, CSA, body and liver weight. In these animals the histopathologic analysis showed passive chronic congestion and reduction of the number of atrial neurons. In the hemodynamic study, total peripheral resistance and heart rate were similar in both groups, but blood pressure and cardiac index were reduced in the CB group. The vagal stimulation and ECG were similar in both groups. CONCLUSION: The Intrinsic Cardiac Nervous System denervation caused dilated cardiopathy in rats with left and right heart failure. The etiology of some dilated cardiopathies in human is largely unknown. Thisunpublished experimental model should provide future studies with the objective of elucidating the relationship between neuronal injures and heart disease

Um modelo experimental de ablação do Sistema Nervoso Intrínseco Cardíaco reduz a contratilidade do coração de ratos