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The antibiotic activities of the ethanol extracts from 16 species of plants used in Brazilian folk medicine have been determined against Staphylococcus aureus, Micrococcus flavus, Bacillus cereus, B. subtilis, Salmonella enteretidis, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus mirabilis, Serratia marcescens, Mycobacterium phlei, M. smegmatis and M. fortuitum, and the yeasts Candida albicans and C. krusei. Among 32 extracts assayed, only those from Lafoensia pacari and Pterodon polygalaeflorus showed activity against the bacterial strains, and none were active against the yeasts. The ethanolic extract from the leaves of L. pacari showed minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 312.5 to 2500, 250, 625 and 1250 mg/mL, respectively, against eight different Gram-positive strains of Staphylococcus aureus, the Gram-negative Proteus mirabilis and the acid-fast bacilli Mycobacterium phlei, M. fortuitum and M. smegmatis. The ethanolic extract from the stem of L. pacari showed an MIC value of 625 mg/mL against S. aureus. Chemical analysis revealed that the crude extracts contained tannins, steroids, phenols, flavonoids, triterpenes and saponins: the activities were sufficiently high to present the possibility of future identification of the active components by bioassay-guided fractionation and purification. As atividades antibióticas de extratos etanólicos de 16 espécies de plantas usadas em medicina popular no Brasil foram determinadas contra Staphylococcus aureus, Micrococcus flavus, Bacillus cereus, B. subtilis, Salmonella enteretidis, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus mirabilis, Serratia marcescens, Mycobacterium phlei, M. smegmatis e M. fortuitum, contra as leveduras Candida albicans e C. krusei. Entre os trinta e dois extratos testados, somente aqueles derivados de Lafoensia pacari e Pterodon polygalaeflorus mostraram atividade contra as cepas bacterianas e nenhum deles apresentou atividade contra as leveduras. O extrato etanólico das folhas de L. pacari mostrou valores de concentração inibitória mínima (CIM) na faixa entre 312,5 a 2500 mg/mL, 250 mg/mL, 625 mg/mL, e 1250 mg/mL, respectivamente, contra oito diferentes variedades de Staphylococcus aureus Gram-positivas, Proteus mirabilis Gram-negativas e os bacilos acido-resistentes Mycobacterium phlei, M. fortuitum e M. smegmatis. O extrato etanólico do caule de L. pacari apresentou valores de CIM de 625 mg/mL contra S. aureus. Análise química revelou que os extratos brutos continham taninos, esteróides, fenóis, flavonóides, triterpenos e saponinas: as atividades foram altas o suficiente para possibilitar o isolamento guiado pelo bioensaio e a identificação futura dos compostos ativos

The antibiotic activity of some Brazilian medicinal plants