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BACKGROUND: Pneumoperitoneum is usually associated with a perforated peptic ulcer. However, perforated appendicits may be evolved on it. In the medical literature, the anatomo-radiologic correlation between them is an uncommon event. CASE REPORT: Man with 56-year-old look for assistance with diffuse abdominal pain and distension associated with fever, vomit and absence of flatus and evacuation for about 14 days. The chest radiography revealed a pneumoperitoneum. Diffuse peritonitis was found during the exploratory laparotomy. Appendectomy, peritoneal cavity cleaning and drainage with tubular drains were carried out. However, severe sepsis occurred and the patient died on the 16th post-operative day with multiple systemic organ failure. CONCLUSION: Although rare as pneumoperitoneum ethiology, acute appendicitis may be thought as it's cause. INTRODUÇÃO: Penumoperitôneo é usualmente associado à perfuração gástrica ou duodenal. Entretanto, apendicite perfurada pode também desenvolvê-lo. Na literatura, correlação clínica-radiológica é rara nesses eventos. RELATO DO CASO: Homem com 56 anos foi atendido com dor abdominal difusa, distensão abdominal e febre, vômitos, parada de eliminação de gazes e fezes por 14 dias. Estudo radiológico de tórax mostrou pneumoperitôneo. No procedimento cirúrgico, peritonite difusa foi encontrada e apendicectomia com lavagem abdominal e drenagem foi efetuada. Entretanto, o paciente morreu por sepse generalizada e falência múltipla de órgãos e sistemas no 16o. dia do pós-operatório. CONCLUSÃO: Embora rara como causa de pneumoperiotôneo, a apendicite aguda deve ser pensada como sua possível causa

Pneumoperitoneum due to perforated appendicitis: a rare anatomo-radiologic correlation