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A bronquiectasia, doença rara no Primeiro Mundo, tem alta prevalência nos países em desenvolvimento. No Brasil, as principais causas são infecções respiratórias, virais ou bacterianas na infância e tuberculose. A antibioticoterapia diminui consideravelmente a morbidade, mas nos pacientes com sintomatologia persistente, a ressecção cirúrgica oferece maior possibilidade de cura ou melhor qualidade de vida. Objetivos: Avaliar prospectivamente o perfil clínico-epidemiológico de pacientes com bronquiectasia e o resultado do tratamento cirúrgico em dois hospitais da rede pública de saúde de Fortaleza (CE), na região Nordeste do Brasil. Casuística e método: Foram estudados dados demográficos, etiologia da doença e complicações e sucesso terapêutico da cirurgia de 67 portadores de bronquiectasia operados de agosto de 1989 a março de 1999. Resultados: Os pacientes, 39 mulheres e 28 homens, tinham idade média de 32,5 ± 14,1 anos e as causas mais freqüentes da bronquiectasia foram infecções bacterianas ou virais (44,8%) e tuberculose (31,3%). A doença era localizada em 46 pacientes e multissegmentar em 21, sendo bilateral em seis. Não houve óbito cirúrgico e as complicações pós-operatórias foram mais freqüentes nos pacientes com bronquiectasia multissegmentar (9/21 versus 6/46, p = 0,011). Dos 62 pacientes com seguimento, 49 foram curados, dez melhoraram e três não obtiveram benefícios. O resultado foi excelente em 39 pacientes com doença localizada e em dez com doença multissegmentar (p < 0,001). Conclusão: O resultado mostra dois grupos distintos de pacientes: os com bronquiectasia localizada, que apresentam menos complicações cirúrgicas e melhores resultados pós-operatórios, e os com bronquiectasia multissegmentar. Bronchiectasis is a disease which is rarely found in developed countries and has a high incidence in developing countries. In Brazil, the most frequent causes are viral or bacterial respiratory infections in childhood, and tuberculosis. Antibiotic therapy considerably reduces morbidity. However, in patients with persistent symptoms, surgical resection offers greater chances of cure or better quality of life. Objectives: Prospectively evaluate the clinical-epidemiological profile of patients with bronchiectasis as well as the results of surgical treatment in patients from two public hospitals in Fortaleza (CE), northeastern Brazil. Patients and method: Sixty-seven patients with bronchiectasis submitted to surgery between August 1989 and March 1999 were evaluated, as well as demographic data, etiology of the disease, complications, and therapeutic success rate. Results: Mean age of patients (39 females e 28 males) was 32.5 ± 14.1 years. The most frequent causes of bronchiectasis were viral or bacterial infection (44.8%) and tuberculosis (31.3%). The disease was localized in 46 patients and multisegmental in 21. In six patients it was bilateral. No surgical death occurred and postoperative complications were more frequent in patients with multisegmental bronchiectasis (9/21 versus 6/46, p = 0.011). From the 62 patients who were followed up, 49 were cured, 10 showed improvement, and 3 did not obtain any benefit. Results were excellent in 39 patients with localized bronchiectasis and in 10 patients with the multisegmental form of the disease (p < 0.001). Conclusion: Results show two distinct groups of patients: those with bronchiectasis, who presented fewer surgical complications and better postoperative results, and those with multisegmental bronchiectasis

Bronquiectasia localizada e multissegmentar: perfil clínico-epidemiológico e resultado do tratamento cirúrgico em 67 casos