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The objective was to evaluate the decomposition of D. nigra and E. grandis leaves under laboratory conditions when incubated in soils from Atlantic Forest and from a 40-year-old eucalypt plantation for a year. The obtained values of pH in forest and eucalypt plantation soils were 5.61 and 4.47 and for aluminum 0.32 and 1.89mEqx100, respectively. A great number of microorganisms (total fungi, phosphate solubilising and cellulolytic organisms) were found in forest soil. Litterbag study revealed a higher mass loss of the leaves in forest soil in the first four months (c. 30%). In the eucalypt plantation soils loss was observed only after eight months (c. 40%). The initial contents of N and P were greater in D. nigra than in E. grandis leaves, although lignin and cellulose contents were similar. The C/N ratio was higher in E. grandis indicating that its degradation could be slower. Nonetheless, there were no significant differences in the decay rates (k) among the treatments. Phosphorus, lignina and cellulose were lost at the end of the experiment in all treatments. The results show the differences between decomposition of both species and the influence of forest and eucalypt plantation soils in the decomposition process. O objetivo foi acompanhar a decomposição de folhas de D. nigra e de E. grandis em laboratório, enterradas por 12 meses, em solo de Mata Atlântica e de eucaliptal com 40 anos de plantio. Os valores de pH obtidos para os solos de mata e de eucaliptal foram 5,61 e 4,47 e de alumínio 0,32 e 1,89mEqx100, respectivamente. Um grande número de microrganismos (fungos totais, solubilizadores de fosfato e de celulolíticos) foram encontrados no solo de mata. Uma perda de massa significativa foi observada após 4 meses de decomposição nas folhas de ambas espécies no solo de mata (30%), enquanto em solo de eucaliptal esta perda foi observada somente após 8 meses (40%). O conteúdo inicial de N e P em folhas de D. nigra é maior do que nas de E. grandis, embora os conteúdos de lignina e celulose sejam semelhantes. A razão C/N é maior nas folhas do eucalipto, indicando que sua degradação deve ser lenta. Apesar disto, não foram observadas diferenças significativas nas taxas de decomposição entre os tratamentos. Ocorreu uma perda significativa de P, lignina e celulose nos tratamentos. Estes resultados mostraram diferenças entre a decomposição de ambas as espécies e a influência do solo de mata e de eucaliptal no processo de decomposição

Laboratory decomposition of Dalbergia nigra all. ex. benth and Eucalyptus grandis w.hill ex. maiden leaves in forest and eucalypt plantation soils