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Despite technological progress in recent decades, neonatal mortality accounts for some two-thirds of infant deaths where the infant mortality rates are low. This study analyzes neonatal deaths in Londrina, Paraná, Brazil, during three periods, beginning with 1994, the year when pediatric and neonatal intensive care beds were created in the city. The data were collected from live birth certificates in the National Information System on Live Births (SINASC) and individual analysis of neonatal death certificates. Births declined in the city, but the low birthweight rate increased from 7.7 to 8.8% and the preterm birth rate from 6.3 to 8.4%. Multiple births also increased. Caesarian sections varied from 48 to 52%. The percentage of deaths from congenital malformations increased. The vast majority of neonatal deaths are preventable, mainly by providing specialized care during pregnancy. The neonatal mortality rate has declined recently, from 10.1 to 6.4 per 1,000 live births. The authors conclude that neonatal care is improving in Londrina.

Mortalidade neonatal no Município de Londrina, Paraná, Brasil, nos anos 1994, 1999 e 2002