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Horticultura Brasileira 39 (1) January March, 2021 P (Capsicum spp.) belong to the genus Capsicum, family Solanaceae (Bosland & Votava, 2012), and include nearly 30 known species (Pickersgill, 1997), of which only five are cultivated (Heiser & Pickersgill, 1969). C . a n n u u m i s t h e m o s t commercialized species in the world (Rêgo & Rêgo, 2016), presenting great use versatility, both in food (Yamamoto & Nawata, 2005) and in medicine, with the identification of chemical compounds, such as capsaicin (Perucka & Materska, 2001). Capsaicin presents several health benefits, such as pain relief, anti-inflammatory action, thermogenic effects (Srinivasana, 2015), and analgesic effect (Romero et al., 2019). C. annuum can also be used as an ornamental plant (Rêgo & Rêgo, 2018; Nascimento et al., 2019a). Pepper production is important for agribusiness in the whole world, in which this market stimulates family agriculture and increases jobs and income generation (Camara, 2020). The use of pepper plants for ornamental purposes occurs due to its contrasting phenotypic aspects (Pessoa et al., 2019a; Fortunato et al., 2019), flowers (Pessoa et al., 2019b), and mainly fruits. The fruits present different sizes, shapes, and maturation stages, with several color shades (Nascimento et al., 2019b). These differences make this species attractive as an ornamental fruit plant. This variability can be exploited in genetic improvement programs to identify superior genotypes, obtain hybrids, and develop segregating populations.

Additive and non-additive genetic effects for fruit traits of ornamental pepper