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Em uma casuística de 24.000 pacientes 923 eram portadores de tumores de intestino grosso (3.8%), 870 dos quais eram tumores colorretais (94,2%), dos quais 490 eram câncer no cólon (53,1%) e 380 no reto (41,2%) e apenas 53 tumores anais (5,7%). O objetivo deste trabalho é estudar 380 pacientes portadores de câncer retal, analisando, especificamente, os 195 estomas criados nos mesmos, estratificando-os em temporários e definitivos, descrevendo suas modalidades e indicações bem como suas complicações e abordagem cirúrgicas das mesmas. De 380 pacientes portadores de câncer retal 373 foram operados (98,2%) e 338 tiveram os tumores removidos (91,8%), tendo sido a retossigmoidectomia abdominal a técnica cirúrgica mais realizada (172 ou 45,3%), das quais, 133 com anastomose manual (35,0%) e 39 com anastomose mecânica (10,3%), seguida pela amputação abdominoperineal (135 casos ou 35,5%). Dos 373 pacientes operados foram realizados estomas em 195 (52,3%), 174 dos quais definitivos (46,6%) e 21 temporários (5,7%). Destarte, dos 195 estomas realizados, 174 foram definitivos (89,2%) e 21 temporários (10,8%). As modalidades de estomas mais realizados foram colostomias terminais (146 casos, 39,1%) e colostomias em alça (30 casos, 8,0%). Dos 21 estomas temporários nove foram colostomias em alça (5,2%) e 12 foram ileostomias em alça (7,0%). Em 16 dos 21 casos o estoma foi feito como protetor de anastomose em 133 casos de ressecção com anastomose manual (oito colostomias em alça e oito ileostomias em alça); e cinco foram realizados em 39 casos de anastomoses mecânicas, sendo uma colostomia em alça e quatro ileostomias em alça. Os 174 estomas definitivos foram feitos em 135 casos de amputação abdominoperineal, 35 em tumores irressecáveis e quatro em proctocolectomia, tendo sido 146 colostomias terminais (83,9%), quatro ileostomias terminais (2,3%), 21 colostomias em alça (12,1%) e três colostomias duplas (1,7%). Ocorreram 14 complicações (7,2%) nos 195 estomas executados, assim distribuídas: oito complicações em 146 colostomias terminais (5,5%), uma complicação dentre as 30 colostomias em alça (3,3%), três complicação nas três colostomias duplas (100,0%), duas complicações em 12 ileostomias am alça (16,7%) e nenhuma complicação entre as quatro ileostomias terminais. Estenose e prolapso foram as complicações mais comuns (quatro casos de cada). The aim of this report is to analyze 380 patients with rectal cancer with special concern to the 195 stomas carried out with particular reference to temporary and definitive stomas as well as several surgical techniques used and their indications and complications. Three hundred seventy three out of 380 patients underwent surgery (98.2%) being 373 tumors resected (91.8%). As far as surgical technique is concerned abdominal rectosigmoidectomy was carried out in 172 of 338 patients who had their tumors removed, being 133 with hand anastomoses (35.0) and 39 with stapled anastomoses (10.3%). Miles procedure was made in 135 (35.5%), local excision in 27 (7.1%) and proctocolectomy and end ileostomy in four patients (1.0%). One hundred ninety five of 373 patients who underwent surgical treatment had stomas created in their abdomen (52.3%), being 174 definitive (46.6%) and 21 temporary (5.7%). So 174 of the 195 stomas carried out were definitive (89.2%) and 21 temporary (10.8%). One hundred and forty six of 195 stomas were end colostomies (39.1%), four end ileostomies (1.1%), 30 loop colostomies (8.0%), three double colostomies (0.8%) and 12 loop ileostomies (3.2%). As far as 21 temporary stomas performed in 172 cases of local excision and abdominal rectosigmoidectomy (12.2%) are concerned nine were loop colostomy (5.2%) and 12 loop ileostomy (7.0%). Sixteen of 21 temporary stomas were made in 133 cases of hand anastomoses, being eight loop colostomies (6.0%) and eight loop ileostomies (6.0%); and five in 39 cases of stapled anastomoses, being one loop colostomy (2.6%) and four loop ileostomies (10.2%). And as far as 174 definitive stomas are concerned they were performed in 135 patients undergoing Miles procedure, four in rectocolectomy and 35 in non resectable tumors. One hundred forty six stomas were end colostomy (83.9%), four end ileostomy (2.3%), 21 loop colostomy (12.1%) and three double colostomy (1.7%). So Miles procedure corresponded to 100.0% of end colostomy (135 cases), as well as four cases of proctocolectomy and 35 cases of acute abdomen, totalizing 174 cases of definitive stomas. Eleven of 35 stomas for non resectable tumors were end colostomy, 21 were loop colostomy and three double colostomy. The incidence of stoma complications were 7.2% (14 cases in 195 stomas): eight complications in 146 end colostomies (5.5%) (one necrosis, two collapses, three stenosis, one prolapse and one paracolostomic hernia); one in 30 loop colostomies (3.3%) (one necrosis); three in three double colostomies (100.0%) (one stenosis and two prolapses); two in 12 loop ileostomies (16.7%) (one necrosis and one prolapse); and no complications in four end ileostomies

Estoma & câncer retal: revisão de 195 estomas realizados em 380 pacientes portadores de câncer retal