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Foram analisados, retrospectivamente, 49 casos de pacientes com neoplasia de ânus, sendo 23 de 1979-1996 e 26 de 1997-2004, 49% masculinos e 51% femininos. Em 81,6% dos pacientes o tratamento foi adjuvante, com radioterapia e esquema de NIGRO, 12,2% metástases à distância e 36,7% perderam o seguimento. Óbitos ocorreram em 20,4%. Notou-se diminuição da necessidade da cirurgia de Miles (30,8% vs 43,3%). A perda de seguimento foi menor (19,5% vs 56,5%), mas a mortalidade foi discretamente maior (23,1% vs 17,4%). O tratamento neo-adjuvante com radio e quimioterapia em 96% dos pacientes com neoplasia anal foi capaz de promover remissão da lesão na maioria dos casos (57,5%), confirmados pela biópsia da cicatriz residual, evitando-se amputação cirúrgica do reto. Dados mais recentes mostram que 45% dos pacientes permanecem sem recidiva (seguimento médio 3,5 anos). A alta taxa de mortalidade e o diagnóstico de lesões avançadas podem decorrer da procura tardia do serviço médico. In total, 49 cases of anal tumor were studied, 23 cases from 1979-1996 and 26 cases from 1997-2004. From the cases studied, 49 % were male and 51 % were female patients. Patients that were submitted to radio and chemotherapy by the "nigro scheme" totalized 81.6 %; 12.2 % presented metastasis, 36.7 % lost follow up and 20.4 % died. There was a reduction of the Miles surgery indication (30.8 % vs 43.3 %) and the follow up loss (19.5 % vs 56.5 %). The mortality rate was a little higher (23.1 % vs 17.4 %). Radio and chemotherapy was used in 96 % of patients, and promoted lesion remission in 57.5 % of cases (confirmed by negative anal scar biopsy), avoiding the anal amputation surgery indication. Recent data indicate that 45 % of patients (3.5 years of average follow up) are still with no recidivated tumor. The prevalence of high mortality rates and the diagnosis of high stage lesions are due to a delay of patients in search for a diagnosis. This might be due to a difficult access to a medical service and to the low social-economical level of our patients. These conditions make the diagnosis and treatment of anal tumors difficult, impairing its prognosis

Análise retrospectiva das neoplasias de ânus em pacientes atendidos no HC-FMRP-USP de 1979 a 2004 e revisão da literatura