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Um caso incomum de histiocitose de células de Langerhans comprometendo margem anal em adulto de cor branca com 34 anos de idade é descrito. Durante dezenove meses o paciente apresentou ulceração extensa em margem anal, dolorosa, com sangramento, evoluindo para incontinência fecal. A hipótese diagnóstica inicial ficou entre doença de Crohn, sífilis, tuberculose, pioderma gangrenoso e donovanose. O diagnóstico histopatológico, após a terceira biópsia, foi sugestivo de histiocitose X, diagnóstico esse confirmado pelo estudo imunoistoquímico positivo para CD1a e proteína S100. O paciente foi tratado com seis sessões de injeção intralesional de triancinolona e talidomida por via oral, durante três meses, evoluindo com remissão completa da lesão anal e recuperação da continência esfincteriana. A rare case of Langerhans cell histiocytosis with perianal involvement in a 34 year old white man is presented. During nineteen months this patient had a complaint of anal pain with bleeding, due to a large perianal ulcer. The initial diagnosis was Crohn's disease, anal tuberculosis, syphilis, pyoderma gangrenosum or donovanosis. After the third biopsy, the surgical specimens showed microscopic changes suggestives of Langerhans cell histiocytosis. The imunohistochemical study was positive to S100 protein and CD1a. The patient was treated with six doses of intralesional triancinolona and oral thalidomide for three months. Treatment was well tolerated and complete resolutions of peri-anal ulcer occurred

Histiocitose de células de Langerhans em margem anal: relato de caso e revisão da literatura