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A new species of Mycale Gray, 1867 bearing raphidotoxas is described from the Namibian coast (SE Atlantic). Mycale (Aegogropila) kolletae sp. n. is characterized by having raphidotoxas up to 590 µm long, three distinct categories of anisochelae, two categories of sigmas, very small raphides, and most of all, by toxas serrated in an unusual pattern (on the inner parts of all three bends). Mycale magnirhaphidifera Van Soest, 1984 is redescribed from the Brazilian coast, based on a population from the northern São Paulo State coastline. The remaining two species with raphidotoxas, viz. Mycale rhaphidotoxa Hentschel, 1912 and M. mannarensis Thomas, 1968 are revised. Levi's (1963) record of Carmia macilenta (Bowerbank, 1866) for the South African coast was reevaluated and found conspecific with M. kolletae sp. n. It has both raphidotoxas as well as toxas with bends which are serrated on their inner surfaces. An identification key for all the Mycale with raphidotoxas is given, and a discussion on possible phylogenetic interpretations for the occurrence of raphidotoxas is advanced

revista brasileira de zoologia

Mycale (Aegogropila) kolletae sp. n. from the SE Atlantic, with comments on the species of Mycale Gray with raphidotoxas (Mycalidae, Demospongiae, Porifera)