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Brazil nut has a high nutritional content and is a very important trade commodity to some Latin American countries. In order to evaluate its safety, 120 samples from different stages of the productive chain were analyzed in terms of: moisture content (mc), aflatoxigenic fungi and aflatoxin (LOQ = 1.95 &#956;g.kg-1 total aflatoxin) using TLC. Among all samples, 4 (6.7%) from the receiving area, and 5 (16.7%), from retail presented aflatoxins above the LOQ, but the amount of aflatoxins was below the LOQ after the samples were dried in the plant. The positive samples were above the limit of total aflatoxin permitted by the European Union (4.0 &#956;g.kg-1) and Brazil (30 &#956;g.kg-1). The mc mean was 22.43% in the receiving area, which is higher than that in the other stages samples. All the A. flavus strains were aflatoxigenic, and there was statistic association between the presence of aflatoxin and flavus strains. The aflatoxigenic fungi strains associated to the aflatoxins levels in the samples show that an effective control is necessary for the food safety in the Brazil nut production chain. A castanha-do-Brasil tem um alto teor nutricional e é um importante produto comercial para alguns países da América Latina. Com objetivo de avaliar a segurança, 120 amostras de diferentes etapas da cadeia produtiva, foram analisadas quanto a: teor de umidade, fungos aflatoxigênicos e aflatoxinas (LOQ = 1,95 &#956;g.kg-1 aflatoxinas totais) por CCD. Das amostras, 4 (6,7%) da área de recepção, e 5 (16,7%) do varejo apresentaram aflatoxinas acima do LOQ. Nas amostras após secagem na usina não foram detectadas aflatoxinas(< LOQ). As amostras positivas estavam acima dos limites aceitos pela União Européia (4,0 &#956;g.kg-1) e Brasil (30 &#956;g.kg-1). A média do teor de umidade foi de 22,43% na etapa de recepção, maior do que as outras etapas estudadas. Todas as cepas de A. flavus eram aflatoxigênicas e houve associação estatística entre a presença de aflatoxinas e a presença da cepa de flavus. As cepas aflatoxigênicas associadas às aflatoxinas das amostras demonstram que é neccessario um controle efetivo da segurança alimentar na cadeia produtiva da castanha-do-Brasi

Association between aflatoxin and aflatoxigenic fungi in Brazil nut (Bertholletia excelsa H.B.K.)