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The effects of fat from tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum), an Amazonian fish, on some nutritional and lipid parameters in rats were evaluated. Weaned Wistar rats were fed for 6 weeks with hypercholesterolemic diets containing 7.5% of soybean oil (SO), cod liver oil (CO), lard (LA), or tambaqui fat (TF). Food consumption, weight gain, and food conversion were measured weekly. Plasma triglycerides was determined at the beginning and on the 6th week of experiment. Plasma cholesterol was determined at 0, 2, 4 and 6 weeks. After the sacrifice, hepatic lipids (triglycerides and cholesterol) and plasma triglycerides, total cholesterol and HDL fractions were determined. Food consumption and weight gain were the same for all groups. There were no differences in plasma triglycerides among the four groups in the 1st and 6th weeks. Regarding the cholesterolemia, TF animals were similar to those fed SO diet, significantly lower than in LA group but higher compared to the CO group. The levels of very low density lipoprotein + low density lipoprotein (VLDL+LDL) were higher in the TF and LA groups compared to the CO and SO groups. However, TA fed animals had high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels higher than the CO group. The ratio (VLDL+LDL)/HDL was higher in the LA group when compared with the remaining groups. In the TA group, the triglycerides and cholesterol concentrations in the liver were similar to the SO group. It may be concluded that tambaqui fat is a good dietary source of lipids as a substitute for lard and similar to soybean oil, as far as atherosclerosis risks is concerned. Os efeitos da ingestão da gordura de Tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum) foram analisados em relação a alguns parâmetros nutricionais e lipídicos. Para isso ratos Wistar recém desmamados alimentados por 6 semanas com dietas aterogênicas contendo 7,5% óleo de soja (SO), óleo de fígado de bacalhau (CO), sebo (LA), ou gordura de Tambaqui (TF) foram utilizados. Consumo alimentar e ganho de peso foram medidos semanalmente. Triglicérides séricos foram determinados no início do experimento. Colesterol plasmático foi determinado no início, 2ª e 4ª semanas do experimento. Após o sacrifício, colesterol e triglicérides hepáticos, triglicérides, colesterol séricos foram determinados. Os resultados mostram consumo alimentar e ganho de peso semelhante em todos os grupos. Não houve diferenças na trigliceridemia entre os 4 grupos no início e 6ª semana do experimento. Em relação à colesterolemia, animais do grupo TF tiveram níveis de colesterol semelhantes aos do grupo SO, significantemente mais baixos que no grupo LA e mais altos comparados ao grupo CO. Os níveis de colesterol em LDL + VLDL foram mais altos nos animais do grupo TF e LA comparados aos grupos CO e SO. Entretanto, animais do grupo TA tiveram HDL mais alto que animais do grupo CO. A taxa (VLDL+LDL)/HDL foi mais alta nos animais do grupo LA quando comparados com os demais grupos. Nos animais do grupo TA, as concentrações de triglicérides e colesterol hepáticos foram similares ao do grupo SO. Nós concluimos que a gordura de Tambaqui é uma boa fonte alimentar de lípides e pode ser usada como substituto de gordura da carne bovina, com efeitos similares ao óleo de soja quando os fatores de risco de aterosclerose são considerados

Nutritional characteristics of amazonian fish fat (Colossoma macropomum) and its effect on lipid metabolism of rats fed hypercholesterolemic diets