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Porcine circovirus infections are caused by the porcine circovirus 2 (PCV2). Among six different clinical manifestations involving respiratory, enteric, nervous and reproductive signs, the postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS) is the most important and studied disease. However, reproductive failures associated with PCV2 have been increasingly reported. Some studies have shown the possible contamination of sows by semen of PCV2 positive boars. In order to investigate the transmission of PCV2 by contaminated semen and its ability to infect the sow and piglets, 20 PCV2 negative sows were inseminated, 10 with negative boar semen and 10 with previously nested-PCR tested positive boar semen. The sows were weekly monitored and blood samples were collected. Based on the results, 4 out 20 sows were selected (1 sow was PCR negative and inseminated with a negative semen, 2 sows were PCR negative and inseminated with a positive semen and 1 sow was PCR negative and inseminated with a positive semen, but became PCR positive around the 30 days of pregnancy). After weaning, 12 male piglets, 3 of each sow, were selected and maintained under isolation. In order to investigate which organs harbored the virus, the young pigs were necropsied around 9 months of age. Samples of serum collected monthly were tested by immunocitochemistry (ICC), and all 12 pigs serum converted. Samples of lymphoid, systemic and reproductive organs were analyzed by nested-PCR and immunohistochemistry (IHC). Evaluation of the samples by nested-PCR, revealed that several tissues were positive in 10 of 12 pigs, mainly the lymph nodes, bone marrow and spleen. Various samples were positive by IHC in 8 of 12 piglets, being the lymph nodes, tonsils and bulbourethral glands the most frequently positive. Thus, the results of testing different samples, in the 3 tests (ICC, nested-PCR and IHC) were complementary. These results show that PCV2 transmission through semen to the sows and piglets may occur and may also represent a potential risk for the herd. A circovirose suína é causada pelo circovirus suíno 2 (PCV-2). Dentre seis diferentes manifestações clínicas envolvendo sinais respiratórios, entéricos, nervosos e reprodutivos, a síndrome multissistêmica do definhamento do suíno (SMDS) é a doença mais importante e estudada. Todavia, relatos sobre falhas reprodutivas associadas ao PCV2 tem aumentado. Alguns estudos mostraram a possibilidade de contaminação das fêmeas pelo sêmen de machos positivos para PCV2. Com o objetivo de verificar a transmissão via sêmen de PCV2 e sua capacidade infecciosa para a fêmea e para a progênie, 20 fêmeas negativas para PCV2 foram inseminadas, 10 com sêmen de macho negativo e 10 com sêmen de macho positivo, testados previamente para PCV2 por um nested-PCR. As 20 fêmeas foram acompanhadas clinicamente e amostras de sangue foram coletadas. Baseado no resultado, quatro fêmeas das 20 foram selecionadas (uma fêmea PCR negativa inseminada com sêmen negativo, duas fêmeas PCR negativas inseminadas com sêmen positivo e uma fêmea PCR negativa inseminada com sêmen positivo, mas que soroconverteu ao redor dos 30 dias de gestação). Após o desmame, 12 leitões machos, três de cada fêmea, foram selecionados e mantidos em isolamento. Para verificar quais órgãos abrigam o PCV2, os suínos foram eutanasiados ao redor dos nove meses de idade. Amostras de sangue coletadas mensalmente foram testadas por imunocitoquímica (ICQ), e todos os 12 suínos soroconverteram. Amostras de órgãos linfóides, sistêmicos e reprodutivos foram avaliadas por nested-PCR e imunohistoquímica (IHQ). Ao avaliar as amostras por nested-PCR, vários tecidos foram positivos em 10 dos 12 suínos, sendo mais prevalentes linfonodos, medula óssea e baço. Ao avaliar as mesmas amostras por IHQ, várias foram positivas em 8 dos 12 animais, sendo as mais prevalentes: linfonodos, tonsila e glândula bulbouretral. No geral, os resultados obtidos nas diferentes amostras nos três testes (ICQ, nested-PCR e IHQ) foram complementares entre si. Assim, estes resultados evidenciam que a transmissão do PCV2 pelo sêmen para as fêmeas e para a leitegada pode ocorrer, e que essa transmissão pode representar um potencial risco de infecção para o rebanho

Transmission of porcine circovirus 2 (PCV2) by semen and viral distribution in different piglet tissues