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OBJETIVO: a ruptura prematura de membranas (RPM) tem sido motivo para muitas indagações, dentre as quais os mecanismos imunes envolvidos. Diante da escassez de estudos relacionados ao tema, este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar os valores séricos de imunoglobulina A (IgA), imnoglobulina G (IgG), imunoglobulina M (IgM), C3 e C4 em gestantes com RPM. MÉTODOS: neste estudo transversal, foram incluídas 36 mulheres grávidas, com idade gestacional entre 23 e 37 semanas. Deste total, 15 mulheres tiveram diagnóstico laboratorial e clínico de RPM. Foram excluídas as pacientes com início do trabalho de parto, sinais clínicos de infecção ou disfunções clínicas com repercussão sistêmica. Concentrações séricas de IgA, IgM e IgG, C3 e C4 foram avaliadas nas pacientes com (grupo de estudo) e sem RPM (grupo controle). A correlação entre as dosagens, o número de partos e o tempo de ruptura foi determinada pelo coeficiente de correlação de Spearman (valor de r). RESULTADOS: os níveis séricos de IgA (média±DP) foram significativamente mais altos nas pacientes do grupo controle do que nas pacientes do grupo de estudo (271,0±107,0 versus 202,9±66,1, respectivamente; p=0,024). Não houve diferença estatística quando os níveis de IgM, IgG, C3 e C4 foram comparados entre os grupos. Não foi notada associação significativa entre o número de partos e as dosagens de IgA, IgM, IgG, C3 e C4 (r entre -0,009 e 0,027; p>0,05). O tempo de ruptura médio das pacientes do grupo de estudo foi de 19,1 horas (uma a 72 horas), sem nenhuma associação com as dosagens séricas avaliadas. CONCLUSÕES: mulheres grávidas com RPM apresentam níveis de IgA significativamente mais baixos do que as pacientes grávidas normais. A variável "número de partos" não atua como um fator de confusão na análise comparativa das dosagens obtidas em pacientes com ou sem RPM, assim como também não houve associação entre o tempo de ruptura e as dosagens séricas de imunoglobulinas e complementos. PURPOSE: the premature rupture of membranes (PROM) has been a reason for many investigations, amongst which the involved immune mechanisms. Ahead of the scarcity of studies related to the subject, this work had as objective to evaluate the serum values of IgA, IgG, IgM, C3 and C4 in pregnant women with pre-term PROM. METHODS: in this transversal study, 36 pregnant women had been enclosed, with gestational age between 23 and 37 weeks. Of this total, 15 women had had laboratorial and clinical diagnosis of PROM. Patients with beginning of the childbirth work, clinical signals of infection, clinical dysfunction with systemic repercussion had been excluded. Serum concentrations of immunoglobulin (IgA), immunoglobulin M (IgM) and immunoglobulin G (IgG), C3 and C4 had been evaluated in the patients with (study group) and without PROM (control group). Correlation among dosages; number of childbirths and time of rupture was determined by Spearman coefficient correlation (r value). RESULTS: serum levels of IgA (average±SD) had been significantly higher in the patients of the control group (271.0±107.0 versus 202.9±66.1; respectively, control and study group; p=0.024). There was no statistical difference when the levels of IgM, IgG, C3 and C4 had been compared between two groups. Significant association was not noticed between the number of childbirths and the IgA, IgM, IgG, C3 and C4 dosages (Spearman; r between -0,009 and 0,027; p>0,05). The average time of rupture of study group patients was of 19.1 hours (one - 72 hours), without association with the evaluated serum dosages. CONCLUSIONS: pregnant women with PROM show levels of IgA significantly lower than normal pregnant patients. The variable "number of childbirths" does not act as a factor of confusion in the comparative analysis of the dosages obtained in patients with or without PROM, as well as also it did not have association between the time of rupture and the immunoglobulin and complements serum dosages

Valores séricos de imunoglobulinas e dos componentes do complemento em gestantes com ruptura prematura de membranas