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Trees with stem bark lesions are frequently observed in Eucalyptus globulus Labill. plantations, particularly in the central west region of Uruguay. These lesions constitute a problem for trunk decortications at harvest and they also facilitate the access of fungi that could cause wood decay. Seven, three and oneyear-old plantations, located at three sites in close proximity were selected. Four types of trunk lesions were present in trees regardless the age of plantation and more than one type was found in each plantation. The aim of this study was to investigate the fungal composition associated with these lesions and compare them to healthy tissues and try to find out the origin of these symptoms. Another purpose was to elucidate the real role of the fungi considered pathogens by means of experimental inoculations. Segments from lesions and healthy tissues yielded 897 fungal isolates belonging to 32 taxa, 681 isolates from bark lesions and 216 from healthy tissues. Both healthy and symptomatic tissues showed similar fungal species composition, but with differences in frequencies of colonization. Cytospora eucalypticola Van der Westhuizen, Botryosphaeria spp., Pestalotiopsis guepinii (Desm.) Stey. and Penicillium spp. were the dominant species isolated. As symptoms were not reproduced after experimental inoculation with Botryosphaeria ribis Grossenb. & Duggar and B. eucalyptorum Crous, & M.J. Wingf, it could be suggested that these lesions were originated by unfavorable environmental conditions. The frost that occurred for several days out of season and flooding may have been involved in the development of bark lesion. As lesões na casca de Eucalyptus globulus Labill. são frequentemente observadas nas plantações da Região Centro-Oeste do Uruguai. Constituem problema para o descortiçamento na colheita e, além disso, facilita a penetraçao de fungos apodrecedores da madeira. Selecionaram-se plantações com 1, 3 e 7 anos de idade, em três localidades próximas, para serem estudadas. Quatro tipos de lesões em caule foram encontrados nas árvores, independentemente da idade destas. Numa mesma plantaçao, havia mais de um tipo de lesão. Os objetivos deste estudo foram identificar a composição da micobiota associada a cada tipo de lesão da casca, compará-la com a dos tecidos sadios e investigar a origem desses sintomas. Outro objetivo foi verificar o papel de alguns colonizadores considerados patógenos, através de inoculações experimentais. Obtiveram-se 897 isolamentos correspondentes, a 32 taxa, 681 de casca lesionada e 216 dos tecidos sadios. Tanto os tecidos lesionados quanto os sadios mostraram composição micobiota específica similar, mas diferentes na frequência de colonização. Cytospora eucalyptica Van der Westhuizen, Botryosphaeria spp., Pestalotiopsis guepinii (Desm.) Stey. e Penicillum spp. foram as espécies dominantes isoladas. Devido à não reprodução dos sintomas depois da inoculação experimental com Botryosphaeria ribis Grossenb. & Duggar e B. eucalyptorum Crous & Wingf, foi sugerido que as lesões aqui estudadas fossem originadas de condições ambientais desfavoráveis. A ocorrência de geadas fora de estação associada à inundação pode ter influenciado o desenvolvimento dessas lesões na casca

Fungi associated to bark lesions of Eucalyptus globulus stems in plantations from Uruguay