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Four cultivars and 21 lines of cotton were evaluated for resistance to ramulose (Colletotrichum gossypii f. sp. cephalosporioides) in a field where the disease is endemic. The seeds of each genotype were planted in 5 x 5 m plots with three replications. The lines CNPA 94-101 and 'CNPA Precoce 2'were used as standard susceptible and resistant references, respectively. The disease incidence (DI) was calculated from the proportion of diseased plants in the plot. The disease index (DIn) was calculated from the disease severity using a 1 to 9 scale, and was evaluated at weekly intervals starting 107 days after emergence. The data collected was used to calculate the area under disease progress curve (AUDPC). In general, the DIn increased linearly with time and varied from 20.0 to 57.1 and AUDPC from 567 to 1627 among the genotypes which could be clustered in to two distinct groups. The susceptible group contained two cultivars and nine lines and the resistant group contained one cultivar and 12 lines. The relationship between disease index and evaluation times was linear for the 25 genotypes tested. The line CNPA 94-101, used as susceptible standard, was the most susceptible with an average DI = 83.4, DIn = 57.1 and AUDPC = 1627.7. The line CNPA 96-08 with DI = 37.8, DIn = 20.0 and AUDPC = 567.7 was the most resistant one. Among the commercial cultivars 'IAC 22' was the most susceptible and 'CNPA Precoce 2', used as resistant standard was the most resistant. The variability in virulence of the pathogen was studied by spray inoculating nine genotypes with conidial suspensions (10(5)/mL) of either of the 10 isolates. The disease severity was evaluated 30 days later using a scale of 1 to 5. The virulence of the isolate was expressed by DIn. All the isolates were highly virulent but their virulence avaried for several genotypes and could be clustered in two distinct groups of less and more virulent isolates. The isolate MTRM 14 from Mato Grosso was the least virulent while Minas Gerais was the most virulent, with DIn of 6.36 and 46.47, respectively. In this experiment the line HR 102 and the cultivar 'Antares' were the most resistant ones with DIns of 18.32 and 19.14, respectively. A resistência de quatro cultivares e 21 linhagens de algodão a ramulose (Colletotrichum gossypii f. sp. cephalosporioides ) foi avaliada em condições de campo, sob infecção natural, em látice quadrado de 5 x 5 com três repetições, em área onde a doença ocorre endemicamente. As linhagens CNPA 94-101 e CNPA precoce 2 foram empregadas como padrão de suscetibilidade e resistência, respectivamente. Na avaliação empregou-se a incidência (Inc.) e a severidade (notas de um a nove) a qual serviu de base para o cálculo do índice de doença (ID) e a área abaixo da curva do progresso da ramulose (AACPD). O índice de doença variou de 20,0 a 57,1 e a AACPD de 567 a 1627. Os resultados permitiram separar os genótipos em dois grupos dintintos: um formado por duas cultivares e nove linhagens suscetíveis e o outro formado por uma cultivar e doze linhagens resistentes. O índice de doença mostrou crescimento linear em função do tempo para os 25 genótipos estudados. A linhagem (CNPA 94-01-padrão de suscetibilidade) apresentou Inc-83,4, ID-57,1 e AACPD-1627,7; a linhagem CNPA 96-08 apresentou Inc- 37,8, ID-20,0 e AACPD-567,7 a mais resistente. Dentre as cultivares comerciais a IAC 22 foi a mais suscetível, com Inc-69,3, ID-47,3 e AACPD-1322,7. A cultivar resistente padrão apresentou: Inc-45,1, ID-28,9 e AACPD-824,1. Para o estudo da variabilidade de C. gossypii f. sp. cephalosporioides empregou-se dez isolados do patógeno na concentração de 10(5) conídios/mL e nove genótipos de algodoeiro. Adotou-se delineamento em blocos ao acaso com três repetições em esquema fatorial de 9 x 10. A avaliação foi feita trinta dias após a inoculação das plantas, empregando-se uma escala de notas de um a cinco. Calculou-se o ID para se expressar a virulência dos isolados. O isolado MTRM 14 de Mato Grosso teve baixa virulência e o isolado RAV 20 de Minas Gerais foi o mais virulento, com ID 6,3 e 46,7, respectivamente. A linhagem HR e a cultivar Antares foram as mais resistentes com ID 18,3 e 19,1, respectivamente. Mediante análise de agrupamento foi possível separar os isolados em dois grupos: virulentos e de baixa virulência

Cotton resistance to ramulose and variability of Colletotrichum gossypii f. sp. cephalosporioides