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In the regions of Campinas and Sumaré, São Paulo, Brazil, hidroponically grown crops of Lettuce (Lactuca sativa) cv. Verônica, which showed virus-like symptoms were examined by electron microscope, biological, serological and molecular tests. Pleomorphic, enveloped particles (80-100 nm in diameter) were always detected in these samples. Experimentally inoculated host plants, including lettuce, reacted with tospoviruses-induced symptoms. Some differences were observed in Gomphrena globosa, which reacted by showing local lesions and systemic mosaic. Two isolates of Tomato chlorotic spot virus (TCSV) were identified by DAS-ELISA and by RT-PCR. The sequencing and alignment of the RT-PCR coat protein amplified fragments have indicated a high degree of homology with the TCSV sequences stored in the GenBank. This is the first report of losses due to a virus from the genus Tospovirus in commercial hydroponic lettuce crops in Brazil. Further epidemiological studies are needed for better understanding the spread of the virus in hydroponic crops, since Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) is reported to spread through the nutritive solution. Plantas de alface (Lactuca sativa) cv. Verônica cultivadas em sistema hidropônico, provenientes dos municípios de Campinas e Sumaré, SP, apresentando sintomas típicos aos induzidos pelos tospovírus, foram coletadas para análise. Partículas pleomórficas arredondadas e envelopadas (80-100 nm de diâmetro) foram visualizadas ao microscópio eletrônico de transmissão. Plantas indicadoras, incluindo a alface, apresentaram sintomas típicos daqueles induzidos pelos tospovírus. Algumas diferenças foram observadas em Gomphrena globosa, que reagiu com sintomas locais e sistêmicos. Nestas amostras, identificaram-se dois isolados do Tomato chlorotic spot virus (TCSV) através de DAS-ELISA e seqüenciamento de produtos de DNA do gene da capa protéica amplificados via RT-PCR. O alinhamento das seqüências indicou elevados níveis de homologia com outros isolados de TCSV do GenBank. Este é o primeiro relato de perdas causadas por tospovírus em cultivos comerciais de alface hidropônico, no Brasil. Os aspectos epidemiológicos envolvidos na dispersão do vírus, nestas condições, ainda precisam ser esclarecidos, uma vez que a disseminação de tospovírus através de solução nutritiva tem sido relatada para o Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV)

Tomato chlorotic spot virus in hydroponically-grown lettuce in São Paulo State, Brazil