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The effect of Heterodera glycines on photosynthesis, leaf area and yield of soybean (Glycine max) was studied in two experiments carried out under greenhouse condition. Soybean seeds were sown in 1.5 l (Experiment 1) or 5.0 l (Experiment 2) clay pots filled with a mixture of field soil + sand (1:1) sterilized with methyl bromide. Eight days after sowing, seedlings were thinned to one per pot, and one day later inoculated with 0; 1.200; 3.600; 10.800; 32.400 or 97.200 J2 juveniles of H. glycines. Experiment 1 was carried out during the first 45 days of the inoculation while Experiment 2 was conducted during the whole cycle of the crop. Measurements of photosynthetic rate, stomatic conductance, chlorophyll fluorescence, leaf color, leaf area, and chlorophyll leaf content were taken at ten-day intervals throughout the experiments. Data on fresh root weight, top dry weight, grain yield, number of eggs/gram of roots, and nematode reproduction factor were obtained at the end of the trials. Each treatment was replicated ten times. There was a marked reduction in both photosynthetic rate and chlorophyll content, as well as an evident yellowing of the leaves of the infected plants. Even at the lowest Pi, the effects of H. glycines on the top dry weight or grain yield were quite severe. Despite the parasitism, soybean yield was highly correlated with the integrated leaf area and, accordingly, the use of this parameter was suggested for the design of potential damage prediction models that include physiological aspects of nematode-diseased plants. Os efeitos do parasitismo de Heterodera glycines sobre a fotossíntese, a área foliar e a produção da soja (Glycine Max) foram estudados em casa de vegetação. Dois experimentos foram realizados: Experimento 1, em recipientes menores, até 45 dias após as inoculações e Experimento 2, em recipientes maiores, até o final do ciclo vegetativo da soja . Plantas com nove dias da germinação foram individualmente inoculadas com 0, 1.200, 3.600, 10.800, 32.400 ou 97.200 juvenis J2 (= Pi). A cada dez dias após a inoculação, foram tomadas medidas da taxa fotossintética, condutância estomática, fluorescência da clorofila a, cor das folhas, teor de clorofila e área foliar. Ao final dos experimentos, foram determinadas a massa fresca do sistema radicular, massa seca total da parte aérea, produção de grãos (Experimento 2) e taxa reprodutiva dos nematóides. Nos dois experimentos, os tratamentos foram dispostos em blocos ao acaso, com dez repetições. Ocorreram marcantes reduções da taxa fotossintética e do teor de clorofila foliar e observou-se intenso amarelecimento das folhas. Mesmo na menor densidade populacional (1.200), o nematóide causou expressivas reduções na área foliar, na massa fresca das raízes e na produção de massa seca total da parte aérea e de grãos. A produção da soja parasitada por H. glycines apresentou alta correlação com a integral da área foliar, podendo-se cogitar do uso dessa variável na elaboração de modelos de previsão de danos que levem em consideração a fisiologia de produção de plantas infectadas por nematóides

Effect of population densities of Heterodera glycines race 3 on leaf area, photosynthesis and yield of soybean