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The tomato cv. Fukuju nº. 2 was used for studying the effect of single and double infections with Potato virus X (PVX) and Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV). Mixed infection resulted in a synergistic increase of disease severity, where more growth reduction was seen with simultaneous inoculations than with sequential inoculations at four-day intervals. At five and 12 days post-inoculation, the increased severity of the disease coincided with enhancement of virus accumulation in the rapidly expanding upper leaves. The PVX concentration in leaves nº 5 to 7 of doubly infected plants was three to six fold that of singly infected ones, as determined by DAS-ELISA. Mixed infection with the L strain led to higher enhancement of PVX than with the TMV-L11A strain. The concentration of TMV-L was lower in double infection and significantly higher than TMV-L11A in both singly and doubly infected plants. Analyses of the PVX ORF2 by Western blot and Northern hybridization revealed the pattern of accumulation of the 25 kDa protein and the RNAs, respectively, following those of the virion and coat protein. The strain TMV-L11A overcame the resistance gene in cv. GCR 237 (Tm-1). In the upper leaf nº. 8, the concentration of PVX was three times higher in plants with mixed infection than with L11A. The concentrations of the L and OM (TMV strains) in both singly and doubly infected plants were at very low levels, and the synergistic effect on PVX concentration and disease severity was not observed. A cultivar de tomate (Lycopersicon esculentum) Fukuju nº 2 foi usada para estudar o efeito de infecçöes simples e duplas com o vírus X da batata (Potato virus X, PVX) e o vírus do mosaico do fumo (Tobacco mosaic virus, TMV). A infecção mista resultou em um aumento sinérgico da severidade da doença, mostrando maior redução no crescimento com inoculação simultânea do que com seqüencial. Entre cinco e 12 dias após a inoculação, o aumento da severidade da doença coincidiu com o incremento no acúmulo de vírus nas folhas jovens. A concentração de PVX nas folhas nº 5 e 7 de plantas com infecção mista foi três a seis vezes mais que a observada com apenasPVX, conforme determinado por DAS-ELISA. A infecção mista com a estirpe L resultou em maior incremento de PVX do que com L11A. A concentração do TMV-L foi mais baixa em infecção dupla e significativamente mais alta do que a de TMV-11A, tanto em infecção simples como em dupla. Análises da OR F2 de PVX por Western Blot e Northern hybridization revelaram o padrão de acúmulo da proteína 25 kDa e RNAs, respectivamente, seguindo aqueles dos viriões e capa proteica. A estirpe TMV-L11A venceu a resistência genética na cv GCR 237 (Tm-1). Na folha superior nº 8, a concentração de PVX foi três vezes maior nas plantas com infecção mista com T-MVL11A. As concentrações das estirpes L e OM de TMV, tanto na infecção simples como dupla foram muito baixas e não se observou efeito sinérgico na concentração de PVX

fitopatologia brasileira

Effects of single and double infections with Potato virus X and Tobacco mosaic virus on disease development, plant growth, and virus accumulation in tomato