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As pereiras européias e asiáticas, cultivadas sob condições de inverno ameno, como na região Sul do Brasil, apresentam problemas de adaptação. Durante o inverno, as oscilações térmicas e o baixo acúmulo de frio têm sido referidos por alguns autores como causas do abortamento de gemas florais. O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar o balanço de carboidratos em tecidos de gemas florais de duas cultivares de pereiras: Kieffer (P. communis x P. pyrifolia) e Housui (P. pyrifolia). Os tecidos de gemas florais e da base de gemas foram coletados mensalmente, de fevereiro a setembro de 2002, de plantas de pomar da Embrapa Clima Temperado, Pelotas-RS, coordenadas 32°51' S e 52°21'O, localizado a 230 metros de altitude. O material vegetal foi analisado separadamente quanto às concentrações de açúcares solúveis (por cromatografia gasosa) e porcentagens de amido (por espectrofotometria). Em ambas as cultivares, observou-se que a base da gema é um importante local de reserva. Ocorreram significativos aumentos de açúcares solúveis nas gemas das duas cultivares na fase que antecede a brotação. Em setembro, os açúcares solúveis totais na matéria seca (MS), nas gemas florais da cv. Housui (38,33 mg g-1), foram menores do que os observados nos tecidos da cv. Kieffer (50,39 mg g-1), cultivar melhor adaptada às condições climáticas. O açúcar-álcool sorbitol, seguido da sacarose, foi o açúcar solúvel mais abundante nos tecidos das duas cultivares. Most of the European and Asian pear cultivars, when cultivated under mild winter such as in Southern of Brazil, have adaptation problems. The temperature oscillations during the winter and the little chilling hours accumulation have been considered by some researchers as causes of flower bud abortion. The purpose of this study was to determine the levels of carbohydrates in tissues of flower buds of the two pear cultivars: Kieffer (P. communis x P. pyrifolia) and Housui (P. pyrifolia). Flower bud and its surrounding base tissues (bud cushion) were monthly collected since February until September 2002, from pear trees in a orchard of Embrapa Temperate Climate Research Center (32°51' S and 52°21'W), located at 230 m of altitude. The tissues of the flower buds and bud cushion were separately analysed for soluble sugars concentration (by GLC) and starch percentage (by spectrophotometry), in the Laboratory of Plant Physiology of Embrapa. It was observed that the bud cushion tissue is an important site of starch accumulation on both cultivars. There were marked increases in soluble sugars in the flower bud tissues of both cultivars, previously to budbreak. However the total soluble sugars accumulation in the buds of cv. Housui, in September (38,33 mg g-1 DW dry weight), were lower than those of cv. Kieffer (50,39 mg g-1 DW), which has better adaptation. Sorbitol followed by sucrose was the more abundant water soluble sugar in both tissues of the two cultivars

Balanço de carboidratos em gemas florais de dois genótipos de pereira sob condição de inverno ameno