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A contaminação do meio ambiente por nitrato pelo uso agrícola do composto de lixo urbano tem sido pouco estudada. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito da adubação com composto de lixo urbano no acúmulo de nitrato em alface, na mobilidade no solo e nas perdas por lixiviação de nitrato. Dois experimentos simultâneos foram realizados em casa de vegetação, em colunas de PVC, em delineamento em blocos ao acaso, com cinco tratamentos e quatro repetições. em um deles efetuou-se um cultivo de alface e, no outro, dois cultivos sucessivos. Os tratamentos constituíram-se de cinco doses de composto de lixo urbano, equivalentes a 0, 30, 60, 90 e 120 t ha-1. As colunas receberam solo das profundidades de 0-20 (tratado com composto de lixo), 20-40 e 40-60 cm de um Argissolo, textura média, e uma muda de alface. O composto de lixo urbano não torna a alface imprópria para o consumo no que diz respeito à concentração de nitrato, mas apresenta potencial de contaminação de lençol freático causado pelas perdas do íon por lixiviação.Environmental contamination by nitrate due to the agricultural use of urban waste compost has been poorly studied. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of urban waste compost on nitrate accumulation in lettuce, on nitrate mobility in soil and on nitrate losses by leaching, in two successive cultivations. Two simultaneous experiments were carried out in greenhouse, in PVC columns, in randomized blocks design, with five treatments and four replicates. In one of them a lettuce cultivation was carried out and in the other one, two sucessive cultivations. The treatments were five urban waste compost rates, equivalents to 0, 30, 60, 90 and 120 t ha-1. Columns were filled with soil from depths of 0-20 (treated with waste compost), 20-40 and 40-60 cm of a medium texture Ultisol, and one lettuce seedling. Urban waste compost does not turn the lettuce inappropriate to be consumed due to the nitrate concentration but it is of potential risk to the contamination of the groundwater due to nitrate leaching

Nitrato em alface e mobilidade do íon em solo adubado com composto de lixo urbano