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O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a fenologia e produtividade de duas cultivares brasileiras de milheto-pérola, BN 2 e BRS 1501, comparadas com três cultivares africanas, Souna III, Guerguera e HKP. Foram instalados dois experimentos no campo, sem adubação e sem irrigação, um em janeiro, com a cultivar BN 2, e outro em abril, com BRS 1501. Na semeadura de janeiro, o ciclo das cultivares BN 2 e HKP foi menor do que o das outras, em virtude do encurtamento da fase vegetativa, e BN 2 apresentou menor duração da floração. Com balanço hídrico de -40 mm, não houve diferença significativa em relação à biomassa, mas a produção de grãos da Souna III, com 2.950 kg ha-1, foi significativamente superior à das demais. Na semeadura de abril, com um balanço hídrico de -344 mm, a biomassa foi menor que na de janeiro, sem diferença na biomassa entre as cultivares, e a produção de grãos de BRS 1501 (900 kg ha-1) não diferiu da produção das cultivares africanas. A biomassa foi maior na maturação fisiológica do que na floração, e apresentou teor de N acima de 2,1% nas folhas medianas. A colheita do milheto-pérola no estádio de maturação fisiológica apresenta ainda a vantagem de utilização dos grãos. The objective of this study was to evaluate the cycle and biomass of two Brazilian cultivars of pearl millet, BN 2 and BRS 1501, compared to three African cultivars, Souna III, Guerguera and HKP. Two field experiments without fertilization or irrigation were carried in January, with the cultivar BN 2, and in April with BRS 1501. In the January trial, the cycle of the cultivars BN 2 and HKP was shorter than the others, because the vegetative stage was reduced, and BN 2 had also a reduced flowering duration. In this experiment, with a water balance of -40 mm, the biomass production did not differ among cultivars, but the grain production of Souna III, with 2,950 kg ha-1, was significantly higher than the others. In the experiment of April, with a water balance of -340 mm, the biomass was much lower than that of January, without differences among cultivars, and the grain production of the cultivar BRS 1501 (900 kg ha-1) was not different from those of african cultivars. The biomass production was greater at physiological maturity than at flowering, with a leaf N content above 2.1% on a leaf in the middle of the plant. The harvest of pearl millet at the physiological maturity has also the advantage of grain utilization

Fenologia e produção de massa seca e de grãos em cultivares de milheto-pérola