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Foram avaliados dados obtidos de experimentos conduzidos, no período de 1990 a 1995, na Universidade de Passo Fundo, RS, objetivando estudar a conversão e o balanço energético de quatro sistemas de produção de grãos com pastagens anuais de inverno. Os quatro sistemas foram constituídos por: sistema I (trigo/soja, aveia-preta/soja e aveia-preta/soja); sistema II (trigo/soja e aveia-preta + ervilhaca/milho); sistema III (trigo/soja, aveia-preta + ervilhaca/soja e aveia-preta + ervilhaca/milho); e sistema IV (trigo/soja, aveia-branca/soja e aveia-branca/soja). As culturas, tanto de inverno como de verão, foram estabelecidas sob sistema plantio direto. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos ao acaso, com três repetições, e parcelas totalizando 500 m². Os sistemas II e III apresentaram conversão energética (5,78 e 5,44) e balanço energético (23.728 e 21.741 kg/Mcal) superiores aos sistemas I (3,79 e 11.553 kg/Mcal) e IV (4,33 e 12.879 kg/Mcal), respectivamente. Ficou evidenciado que a integração lavoura-pecuária sob sistema plantio direto foi viável, pois a conversão e o balanço energético foram positivos, tendo sido significativamente maiores nos sistemas que incluíram a cultura de milho. Data obtained from experiments conducted, from 1990 to 1995, at the Universidade de Passo Fundo, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil, were evaluated with the objective to study the energy conversion and balance of four grain production systems with annual winter pastures. Four grain production systems were evaluated: system I (wheat/soybean, black oats/soybean, and black oats/soybean); system II (wheat/soybean and black oats + common vetch/corn); system III (wheat/soybean, black oats + common vetch/soybean, and black oats + common vetch/corn); and system IV (wheat/soybean, white oats/soybean, and white oats/soybean). Both winter and summer crops were grown under no-tillage. The trial was set up blocks at random, with three replications and plots with 500 m². Systems II and III showed higher energy conversion (5.78 and 5.44) and balance rates (23,728 and 21,741 kg/Mcal), as compared to systems I (3.79 and 11,553 kg/Mcal) and IV (4.33 and 12,879 kg/Mcal), respectively. It was evident that the integration crop-livestock under no-tillage is a viable system, since the energetic conversion and balance showed positive results; actually, these rates were significantly higher in the systems including corn crop

Conversão e balanço energético de sistemas de produção de grãos com pastagens sob plantio direto