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To mitigate soil erosion and enhance soil fertility in orange plantations, the permanent protection of the inter-rows by cover species has been suggested. The objective of this study was to evaluate alterations in the microbial biomass, due to different soil tillage systems and intercropped cover species between rows of orange trees. The soil of the experimental area previously used as pasture (Brachiaria humidicola) was an Ultisol (Typic Paleudult) originating from Caiuá sandstone in the northwestern part of the State of Paraná, Brazil. Two soil tillage systems were evaluated: conventional tillage (CT) in the entire area and strip tillage (ST) (strip width 2 m), in combination with different ground cover management systems. The citrus cultivar 'Pera' orange (Citrus sinensis) grafted onto 'Rangpur' lime rootstock was used. Soil samples were collected after five years of treatment from a depth of 0-15 cm, under the tree canopy and in the inter-row, in the following treatments: (1) CT and an annual cover crop with the leguminous species Calopogonium mucunoides; (2) CT and a perennial cover crop with the leguminous peanut Arachis pintoi; (3) CT and an evergreen cover crop with Bahiagrass Paspalum notatum; (4) CT and a cover crop with spontaneous Brachiaria humidicola grass vegetation; and (5) ST and maintenance of the remaining grass (pasture) of Brachiaria humidicola. Soil tillage and the different cover species influenced the microbial biomass, both under the tree canopy and in the inter-row. The cultivation of brachiaria increased C and N in the microbial biomass, while bahiagrass increased P in the microbial biomass. The soil microbial biomass was enriched in N and P by the presence of ground cover species and according to the soil P content. The grass species increased C, N and P in the soil microbial biomass from the inter-row more than leguminous species. Tem sido sugerido que a área intercalar em pomar de laranjeira deve permanecer permanentemente protegida por espécies de cobertura vegetal, objetivando diminuir a erosão do solo e aumentar a sua fertilidade. No presente trabalho foram avaliadas as alterações na atividade microbiana devido os diferentes sistemas de preparo do solo e o cultivo intercalar de coberturas permanente em pomar de laranjeira. O experimento foi conduzido no noroeste do Paraná em um Argissolo Vermelho distrófico latossólico textura arenosa/média originado do arenito Caiuá, em área previamente ocupada por pastagem (Brachiaria humidicola). Foram estudados dois sistemas de preparo do solo (preparo convencional [PC] e preparo em faixa [PF]) e diferentes coberturas intercalar às plantas de laranjeira. Foi utilizada a laranjeira 'Pêra' (Citrus sinensis) enxertada em limoeiro 'Cravo' (Citrus limonia). As amostras de solo foram coletadas cinco anos após a instalação do experimento na profundidade de 0-15 cm sob a projeção da copa e na entrelinha nos seguintes tratamentos: (1) PC e cobertura vegetal com a leguminosa anual Calopogonium mucunoides; (2) PC e cobertura vegetal com a leguminosa perene amendoim forrageiro Arachis pintoi; (3) PC e cobertura vegetal com a gramínea mato-grosso ou batatais Paspalum notatum; (4) PC e cobertura com a vegetação espontânea da gramínea Brachiaria humidicola; (5) ST e cobertura com a manutenção da gramínea remanescente da pastagem, Brachiaria humidicola. O preparo do solo e as diferentes coberturas vegetais influenciaram a biomassa microbiana tanto na projeção da copa como na entrelinha. O cultivo de brachiaria aumentou o teor de C e N da biomassa microbiana, enquanto que a grama mato grosso aumentou o teor de P. A biomassa microbiana foi enriquecida com N e P devido às diferentes coberturas intercalares e aos teores de P no solo. A diminuição do revolvimento do solo aumentou a biomassa microbiana na entrelinha. O cultivo de gramíneas aumentou os teores de C, N e P da biomassa microbiana na entrelinha comparada com o cultivo de leguminosas

Soil microbial biomass under different management and tillage systems of permanent intercropped cover species in an orange orchard