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Nutrients are basically transported to the roots by mass flow and diffusion. The aim of this study was to quantify the contribution of these two mechanisms to the acquisition of macronutrients (N, P, K, Ca, Mg, and S) and cationic micronutrients (Fe, Mn, Zn, and Cu) by maize plants as well as xylem exudate volume and composition in response to soil aggregate size and water availability. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse with samples of an Oxisol, from under two management systems: a region of natural savanna-like vegetation (Cerradão, CER) and continuous maize under conventional management for over 30 years (CCM). The treatments were arranged in a factorial [2 x (1 + 2) x 2] design, with two management systems (CER and CCM), (1 + 2) soil sifted through a 4 mm sieve and two aggregate classes (< 0.5 mm and 0.5 - 4.0 mm) and two soil matric potentials (-40 and -10 kPa). These were evaluated in a randomized block design with four replications. The experiment was conducted for 70 days after sowing. The influence of soil aggregate size and water potential on the nutrient transport mechanisms was highest in soil samples with higher nutrient concentrations in solution, in the CER system; diffusion became more relevant when water availability was higher and in aggregates < 0.5 mm. The volume of xylem exudate collected from maize plants increased with the decrease in aggregate size and the increased availability of soil water in the CER system. The highest Ca and Mg concentrations in the xylem exudate of plants grown on samples from the CER system were related to the high concentrations of these nutrients in the soil solution of this management system. O transporte de nutrientes até as raízes é essencialmente efetuado por fluxo de massa e difusão. O objetivo deste trabalho foi quantificar a contribuição desses dois mecanismos na aquisição de macronutrientes (N, P, K, Ca, Mg e S) e de micronutrientes catiônicos (Fe, Mn, Zn e Cu) por plantas de milho, e o volume e a composição do exsudato xilemático em resposta ao tamanho dos agregados e à disponibilidade de água. O experimento foi conduzido em casa de vegetação com amostras de um Latossolo Vermelho, retiradas sob dois sistemas de manejo: cerradão sem manejo (CER) e cultivo contínuo com milho em manejo convencional por mais de 30 anos (CCM). Os tratamentos corresponderam ao arranjo fatorial [2 x (1 + 2) x 2], sendo dois sistemas de manejo (CER e CCM), (1 + 2) solo passado em peneira de 4 mm e duas classes de agregados (< 0,5 mm e entre 0,5 e 4,0 mm), e dois potenciais de água do solo (-40 e -10 kPa). Eles foram dispostos em delineamento em blocos casualizados, com quatro repetições. Aos 70 dias após a semeadura, finalizou-se o ensaio. A influência do tamanho do agregado e do potencial de água do solo nos mecanismos de transporte de nutrientes é maior nas amostras de solo com maiores concentrações de nutrientes em solução, sistema CER, tendo a difusão crescido em importância na condição de maior disponibilidade de água e nos agregados < 0,5 mm. O volume de exsudato xilemático colhido de plantas de milho aumenta com a diminuição do tamanho do agregado e com o aumento da disponibilidade de água do solo, no sistema CER. As maiores concentrações de Ca e Mg no exsudato xilemático das plantas cultivadas em amostras retiradas do sistema CER, dependeram das altas concentrações desses nutrientes na solução do solo neste sistema de manejo

Nutrient supply by mass flow and diffusion to maize plants in response to soil aggregate size and water potential