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A gênese de horizontes coesos em solos tem explicações não consistentes e, em muitos casos, contraditórias. Objetivou-se avaliar, em solos dos tabuleiros costeiros, os possíveis mecanismos físicos, químicos e mineralógicos que ocasionam o endurecimento em horizonte coeso, fragipã e duripã. Para isso, coletaram-se amostras de solos em duas toposseqüências. Na primeira, foram reconhecidas as classes Latossolo Vermelho eutrófico argissólico e Argissolo Amarelo distrófico latossólico e, na segunda, Argissolos Amarelo abrúptico e típico, e Espodossolo Cárbico órtico dúrico. As análises químicas consistiram da extração de Fe, Si e Al com ditionito-citrato-bicarbonato de sódio e oxalato ácido de amônio. A mineralogia da fração argila foi avaliada por difratometria de raios-X. Os teores de Fe, Si e Al recuperados com o ditionito e com o oxalato foram bastante baixos nos solos com presença de horizonte coeso. Por outro lado, no solo com fragipã e duripã, os teores de Si e Al do oxalato foram elevados, indicando a participação desses elementos como agentes cimentantes. A fração argila dos Argissolos é predominantemente caulinítica, sendo registrada a gibbsita apenas nos horizontes Bt1, Bt2 e Bw do Argissolo Amarelo latossólico. Para o solo com fragipã e duripã (Espodossolo Cárbico órtico dúrico), identificou-se a presença de gibbsita, e, apesar de ser a gibbsita considerada como desorganizadora do ajuste entre as lâminas de caulinita, a manifestação de endurecimento foi mantida. Assim, os mecanismos de endurecimento parecem distintos para horizonte coeso, fragipã e duripã. The genesis of cohesive horizons in some soils is not well known yet and, in many cases, it is conflicting. The purpose of this study was to evaluate physical, chemical and mineralogical mechanisms that cause hardening in soils with cohesive horizons, fragipan and duripan in Brazilian Coastal Plain soils. Soil samples of two toposequences were sampled and the taxonomic classes of the soils were identified as Argisolic Eutrophic Red Latosol, Latosolic Dystrophic Yellow Argisol for the first toposequence, and Abruptic Dystrophic Yellow Argisol, Dystrophic Typic Yellow Argisol and Duric Orthic Carbic Spodosol, for the second sequence. The chemical analysis performed were Fe, Si, and Al extraction with sodium dithionite-citrate-bicarbonate (DCB) and ammonium oxalate. The clay fraction mineralogy was evaluated by X-ray diffraction. Soils with cohesive horizons presented very low Fe, Si, and Al contents extracted with both DCB and oxalate. Nevertheless, soil with fragipan and duripan showed high Si and Al content extracted with oxalate, indicating their role as cementing agents. The Argisol clay fraction is predominantly kaolinitic, and gibbsite was only found in the Bt1, Bt2 and Bw horizons of the Latosolic Yellow Argisol. Gibbsite was found in soils with fragipan and duripan (Duric Orthic Carbic Spodosol), and despite being considered a disorganizing agent of kaolinite adjustment, the hardpan characteristics were maintained. Thus, the hardening mechanisms of these soils seem different for cohesive, fragipan and duripan horizons

Gênese de horizonte coeso, fragipã e duripã em solos do tabuleiro costeiro do sul da Bahia