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There is a sad dissociation between the crucial role that research plays in improving health and the general lack of recognition of its role, impor- tance and priority in public health policies. We tend to forget how much we owe to research once a suc- cess story in disease control achieves a happy end. Health authorities and policy makers use to say that they want the real thing - in other words, disease control, now - and not lose time and money with unnecessary and odd expenses - in other terms, health research for tomorrow. Therefore, I decided to choose as the subject of my lecture a success story in disease control in South America and to point out to the role research has played along its development. It starts at the very beginning - the discovery of the disease - and goes until the most recent chapter - its elimi- nation as a major public health problem in large regions of the Southern Cone countries. Although no one can yet assure a final "happy end" to this story, progress in its control has been very suc- cessful, to the point that the World Health Organi- zation calls it a disease whose days are numbered (Division of Control of Tropical Diseases, 1996). It is a long story - 90 years of history - that illus- trates the fundamental importance of research in improving health. By analyzing it, studying the actors, the personalities, the facts, the true or false stories - in other words, the myths -, I think we can derive some universal notions and also some lessons to take home, to keep in mind and put into use when time and opportunity comes. It is a real story, about Chagas disease - from its discovery in 1909 by the Brazilian scientist Carlos Chagas working at the Oswaldo Cruz Insti- tute in Rio de Janeiro to its successful control in the large regions of the Southern Cone countries in the 90s. THE INCREDIBLE - AND IMPROBABLE - DISCOVERY

Chagas disease, from discovery to control - and beyond: history, myths and lessons to take home