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Leishmaniasis comprises a group of diseases caused by different species of parasites of the genus Leishmania. It is widely accepted that cell mediated immune response plays a major role in the development of this disease, and most experimental evidence indicates that CD4 + T cells are the primary, but not the only population of cells involved in the evolution of this infection in the mouse and, perhaps, in the human being as well (P Scott 1989 Exp Parasitol 68: 369-372, CM Lezama-Dávila et al. 1998 Scand J Immunol 47: 502-508). There is currently no commercial vaccines aimed to prevent L. m. mexicana infections in humans. Although, experimental murine infection induced with Leishmania could be prevented by previous inoculation of attenuated parasites or purified molecules (D Russell et al. 1988 J Immunol 140: 1274-1279, D Rivier et al. 1993 Parasite Immunol 15: 75-81, VF Amaral et al. 1995 Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 90 (Suppl. I): 183, CM LezamaDávila et al. 1995 In Vivo 6: 519-524, 1997 Arch Med Res 28 : 47-53). Moreover, sickness of different strains of mice, excepting C57BL/10 animals, can be effectively prevented by intraperitoneal vaccination with Leishmania surface antigens incorporated into liposomes (Lezama-Dávila et al. 1997 loc. cit.) and this protective effect is transferred by whole T-cells and their subsets (Russell loc. cit., CM Lezama-Dávila et al. 1995 Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 90 : 51-58). Increase in efficiency of vaccination has been achieved by the use of heterologous carriers (e.g. virus vaccinia or bacteria such as avirulent mutants of Salmonella spp. and BCG) or liposome vesicles that slowly release molecules such as drugs. Niosomes preparations constitute a more recently developed drug delivery system formed by hydration of monoor dialkyl surfactants (chemical structure is presented below) that present chemical and physicochemical differences to liposomes, including a better stability and easier handling that makes them attractive as a vesicle-system for antigen release (A Baillie et al. 1985 J Pharm Pharmacol 137 : 863868). This work was designed to test efficiency of vaccination of C57BL/10 mice against cutaneous leishmaniasis by using a novel preparation developed with parasite antigens entrapped into niosomes non-ionic surfactants. We used C57BL/10 mice between 8-12 weeks old which were bred, sex and age matched in the Department of Immunology of the University of Strathclyde, U. K. Stationary phase promastigotes of L. m. mexicana (MNYC/BZ/62/M379) were obtained by in vitro culture from amastigotes in RPMI-1640 supplemented with foetal calf serum, penicillin and streptomycin (Gifco). Mice were infected by subcutaneous inoculation of 3x10 6

Vaccination of C57BL/10 Mice against Cutaneous Leishmaniasis. Use of Purified gp63 Encapsulated into Niosomes Surfactants Vesicles: A Novel Approach