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P. fervens could be frequently observed flying against window glasses around the caiman pools. These tabanids were basically seen only at these sites and despite the lack of feeding observations it seemed obvious that their presence was due to the caimans (the only host present except humans). A few sporadic tries to capture tabanids using caimans as bait were carried out on a ranch 150 km from town but no individuals were caught. Also monthly surveys, carried out from 1992 to 1994 with canopy traps and horses, were unsuccessful for catching P. fervens in the same area. It is possible that the collections were conducted outside of the spatial or temporal distribution of the flies and/or the techniques used were not the most effective methods for this species. In more than 300 observations, from 1988 to 1993, 77 P. fervens voucher specimens were caught manually or with sweep nets from the windows near the caiman pools at CPAP. It was verified that this species showed a very defined seasonal pattern, occurring from September to November, after the beginning of the rainy season. In Colombia, Medem ( loc. cit.) found P. fervens from November to March during collections over five years, however, he gathered some specimens in September and October during an expedition to the Brazilian Amazon. In the Pantanal the population peak of P. fervens was generally observed in October (also in November) and none was seen in December. This distribution coincides with the peak of most tabanid species in the region. Since other haematophagous flies are recorded as trypanosome vectors for crocodiles (CA Hoare 1929 Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 23: 39-56) and there is a high prevalence (46%) of Trypanosoma spp. infection in C. c. yacare from Pantanal (VLB Nunes, ET Oshiro, personal communication), it would be important to investigate a possible role played by tabanid species in trypanosome transmission to caimans. RESEARCH NOTE

Seasonality of Phaeotabanus fervens (Diptera: Tabanidae) in the Pantanal region, Brazil