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The South American fruit fly, Anastrepha fraterculus (Wiedemann, 1830) (Diptera, Tephritidae), is a leading pest of Brazilian fruit crops. This study evaluated how prior experience with artificial fruits containing peach and/or guabiroba pulp influenced the ovipositing behavior of A. fraterculus. Insects 15-21 days old were exposed to four treatments: 1) experience with guabiroba, Campomanesia xanthocarpa O. Berg (Myrtaceae); 2) experience with peach, Prunus persica (L.) Batsch (Chimarrita cultivar; Rosaceae); 3) experience with both fruits; and 4) no experience (naive). Naive females and females experienced with guabiroba pulp and with both fruits (peach and guabiroba) oviposited and showed dragging and puncturing behavior on substrates containing guabiroba, but females that were only exposed to peach pulp did not show a preference for any substrate. The study shows that prior experience with substrate influences ovipositing behavior in A. fraterculus. A mosca-das-frutas-sul-americana, Anastrepha fraterculus (Wiedemann,1830) (Diptera, Tephritidae) é uma das principais pragas da fruticultura no Brasil. O trabalho objetivou avaliar a influência da experiência prévia com frutos artificiais contendo polpa de pêssego e/ou guabiroba no comportamento de oviposição de A. fraterculus. Foram utilizados insetos entre 15 e 21 dias de idade, expostos a quatro tratamentos: 1) experiência com guabiroba, Campomanesia xanthocarpa O. Berg (Myrtaceae); 2) com pêssego, Prunus persica (L.) Batsch (cultivar Chimarrita) (Rosaceae); 3) com ambos; 4) inexperientes. Fêmeas inexperientes, assim como as experientes com polpa de guabiroba e com ambas (pêssego e guabiroba) ovipositaram e apresentaram comportamentos de arraste e punctura nos substratos que continham guabiroba, porém, as fêmeas previamente expostas somente à polpa de pêssego não apresentaram preferência por qualquer um dos substratos. O presente estudo indica que a experiência prévia com o substrato influencia o comportamento de oviposição de A. fraterculus

The influence of prior experience with artificial fruits on the ovipositioning behavior of Anastrepha fraterculus (Diptera, Tephritidae)