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At the present time two distinct viruses are known to cause AIDS the HIV-1 type virus and the HIV-2 type virus. The former was primarily isolated in Europe and the latter was initially restricted to western Africa. In Brazil data on infections caused by HIV-2 are conflicting having been derived from metropolitan and port-city populations. Some authors deny the existence of HIV-2 in the country. In the interior in the city of Ribeirao Preto with a population of 5 the rate of HIV incidence was 273.5/1 population during the period 1980-95. Most seropositive patients and AIDS patients are cared for at the Hospital of Clinics of the Medical School of Ribeirao Preto where routine HIV-2 antibody tests are not administered. Therefore the presence of HIV-2 was investigated in 88 patients (72 men and 16 women) carrying HIV-1 during March-April 1992. The HIV-2 antibody test utilized the recombinant antigens of HIV-1 and HIV-2 containing latex particles the Recombigen HIV-1/HIV-2 Rapid Test Device (Cambridge Biotech Corp.). 26 of the 88 sera analyzed were positive for both HIV-1 and HIV-2 yielding a 29.5% (26/88) positivity for both viruses. Subsequently the 88 sera were processed by the Pepti-Lav 1-2 test (Diagnostics Pasteur) which is an immunoenzymatic test detecting reactivity against gp41 and gp36. The result was 88 positive findings for HIV-1 and 2 positive HIV-2 antibody findings for both HIV-1 and HIV-2 yielding a 2.3% positivity for the sample analyzed. Discrepancies between different tests are not rare. The Recombigen use instructions warn that if protein recombinants are used a 25-30% rate of false positives can occur. The Pepti-Lav which detects more specific proteins is more sensitive and specific. The 2 positive HIV-2 sera were also examined by PCR (partition chromatography?) which did not show positivity. This indicates that caution should be exercised when interpreting test results.

revista da sociedade brasileira de medicina tropical

Ocorrência de falso positivo em testes com peptídeos sintéticos para pesquisa de anticorpos contra o vírus da imunodeficiência humana tipo 2 (HIV-2) em pacientes brasileiros infectados pelo vírus da imunodeficiência humana tipo 1 (HIV-1)