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The in vitro and in vivo activity of diminazene (Dim), artesunate (Art) andcombination of Dim and Art (Dim-Art) against Leishmania donovani was comparedto reference drug; amphotericin B. IC50 of Dim-Art was found to be $2.28 \pm0.24 \mu$ g/mL while those of Dim and Art were $9.16 \pm 0.3 \mu$ g/mL and$4.64 \pm 0.48 \mu$ g/mL respectively. The IC50 for Amphot B was $0.16 \pm 0.32\mu$ g/mL against stationary-phase promastigotes. In vivo evaluation in the L.donovani BALB/c mice model indicated that treatments with the combined drugtherapy at doses of 12.5 mg/kg for 28 consecutive days significantly ($p <0.001$) reduced parasite burden in the spleen as compared to the single drugtreatments given at the same dosages. Although parasite burden was slightlylower ($p < 0.05$) in the Amphot B group than in the Dim-Art treatment group,the present study demonstrates the positive advantage and the potential use ofthe combined therapy of Dim-Art over the constituent drugs, Dim or Art whenused alone. Further evaluation is recommended to determine the most efficaciouscombination ratio of the two compounds.

In vitro and in vivo antileishmanial efficacy of a combination therapy of diminazene and artesunate against Leishmania donovani in BALB /c mice