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OBJETIVO: Estabelecer a prevalência das alterações oculares, no ano de 2001, em crianças pré-escolares e escolares no município de Duque de Caxias, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. MÉTODOS: Estudo observacional do tipo transversal, durante campanha de saúde ocular na rede pública de ensino. Crianças com acuidade visual inferior a 0,8 ou com anormalidades foram triadas por voluntários treinados para serem avaliadas por oftalmologistas no Instituto Benjamin Constant. RESULTADOS: Avaliadas 1.800 crianças do total. Destas, 609 (33,83%) foram encaminhadas ao IBC. Houve 491 (27,28% do total e 80,62% das crianças triadas) que receberam alta por apresentarem visão melhor que 0,8. A prevalência das alterações oculares foi de 3,35%. (ambliopia teve prevalência de 2,00%, estrabismo teve 0,33% e outras causas 1,02%.). Houve 93 crianças (5,17% do total e 15,27% das crianças triadas) com ametropias que necessitaram de correção através de óculos. CONCLUSÃO: Demonstrou-se a prevalência das principais alterações oftalmológicas infantis no município de Duque de Caxias e ressaltou-se a necessidade de campanhas para bom êxito no desenvolvimento da acuidade visual das crianças. PURPOSE: To establish the prevalence of the ametropias and eye diseases, in the year 2001, within a preschool and school children in the city of Duque de Caxias, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. METHODS: Transversal observational study during an ocular health campaign in public education schools. The children that have shown visual acuity lower than 0.8 or other abnormally were referred by trained volunteers to evaluation by ophthalmologists from the Benjamin Constant Institute. RESULTS: From the 1.800 children who were examined, 609 (33.83%) were referred to the ophthalmologic examination. There were 491 children (27.28% from total and 80.62% from referred) that were dismissed for presenting visual acuity better than 0.8. The Eye diseases prevalence was 3.35% (amblyopia was 2.00%, manifest strabismus was 0.33% and others causes was 1.02%). There was 93 children (5.17 from total and 15.27% from referred) that had refractive errors and needed glasses. CONCLUSION: It was shown the prevalence of the main ophthalmologic children disorders. It also points out the need of ocular health campaigns thus achieve remarkably the development of the children visual acuity

Alterações oculares em crianças pré-escolares e escolares no município de Duque de Caxias, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil