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PURPOSE: To estabilish the prevalence of the ametropias and eye diseases, in the year 2001, within a preschool and school population in Alto da Boa Vista favelas (slum), in the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. METHODS: Transversal observational study during an ocular health campaign in public education schools. The children that have shown visual acuity fewer than 0.8 or abnormally were referred by trained volunteers to avaliation by ophthalmologists from the Benjamin Constant Institute. RESULTS: From the 1800 children who were examined, 306 (17.00%) were referred to the ophthalmologic examination. There were 183 children (10.17% from total and 59.80% from referred) that were dismissed for presenting visual acuity better than 0.8. The refractive errors prevalence was 3.50% (hyperopia and astigmatism hyperopic were 1.78%, myopia and astigmatism myopic 1.06%, mixed astigmatism 0.67%).The eyes diseases prevalence was 3.50% (amblyopia was 2.00%, manifest strabismus was 1.72% and others causes was 1.11%). CONCLUSION: It was shown the prevalence of the main ophthalmologic children disorders. It also points out the need of ocular health campaigns thus achieve remarkably the development of the children visual acuity.OBJETIVO: Estabelecer a prevalência das ametropias e oftalmopatias, no ano de 2001, em população pré-escolar e escolar de favelas do Alto da Boa Vista, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. MÉTODOS: Estudo observacional do tipo transversal, durante campanha de saúde ocular na rede pública de ensino. Crianças com acuidade visual inferior a 0,8 ou com anormalidades foram triadas por voluntários treinados para serem avaliadas por oftalmologistas no Instituto Benjamin Constant. RESULTADOS: Foram avaliadas 1800 crianças no total. Destas, 306 (17,00 % do total) foram encaminhadas ao IBC. Houve 183 (10,17% do total e 59,80% das triadas) que receberam alta por apresentarem visão melhor que 0,8. A prevalência dos erros refrativos foi de 3,50% (ametropias positivas , 1,78%; ametropias negativas, 1,06% e astigmatismos mistos, 0,67%). A prevalência das oftalmopatias foi de 4,83%. (ambliopia teve prevalência de 2,00%, manifestações do estrabismo, 1,72% e outras causas 1,11%.) CONCLUSÃO: Demonstrou-se a prevalência dos principais distúrbios oftalmológicos infantis nas favelas do Alto da Boa Vista e ressaltou-se a necessidade de campanhas para bom êxito no desenvolvimento da acuidade visual das crianças

Prevalência das ametropias e oftalmopatias em crianças pré-escolares e escolares em favelas do Alto da Boa Vista, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil