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Este trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar o desempenho e a heterobeltiose de 27 híbridos de linhagens S3 (parcialmente endogâmicas), oriundas de híbridos comerciais de milho, cruzadas em esquema top cross com o testador IA 33 (sintético-elite comercial) e a capacidade geral de combinação (CGC) das linhagens. Os 27 híbridos top crosses, duas testemunhas comerciais e o testador foram avaliados nos anos agrícolas 2005/2006 e 2006/2007, sob delineamento de blocos casualizados com três repetições, no Centro Experimental Central - IAC (Campinas), na APTA Regional do Nordeste Paulista (Mococa) e do Vale do Paranapanema (Palmital). Foram avaliadas as seguintes características: florescimento masculino (FM), altura da planta (AP), altura da espiga (AE), plantas acamadas e quebradas (AC+Q), massa de espigas (ME) e massa de grãos corrigida para 14% de umidade (MG). Identificaram-se híbridos top crosses promissores, com MG iguais ou superiores às testemunhas comerciais. Os resultados comprovam que alguns híbridos top crosses possuem elevado potencial produtivo, com a vantagem do menor custo de produção. Ressaltaram-se linhagens S3 com elevados valores de CGC. The present work aimed to evaluate the performance end high parent heterosis of 27 hybrids of partially endogamic lines (S3) obtained from commercial hybrids, using top cross squemes with testers (IA 33). Also, the general combining ability (GCA) of the lines was evaluated. The 27 top cross hybrids, two commercial checks and the tester were evaluated by complete block design with three replications, in two years (2005/2006 e 2006/2007), and three locations (Campinas, Mococa and Palmital) of São Paulo State. The evaluated traits were: plant height (AP), ear height (AE), percentage of broken and loged plant (AC+Q), ear yield (PE) and grain yield corrected of 14% moisture (PG). Top cross hybrids of high yield performance that outperformed or did not differ from the commercial check were observed. Therefore top cross hybrids with high yield performance and with advantage of small production cost were identified. Also line S3 with high value of GCA were observed

Desempenho de híbridos top crosses de linhagens S3 de milho em três locais do Estado de São Paulo