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Among the highlights of the present issue is the contribution of John S. Mattick (University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia) regarding genetic programming. For the last 50 years or so, there has been a general believe that most of the genetic information for multicellular organisms is transacted by proteins. The starting point for this assumption is the general ‘DNA makes RNA makes protein’ dogma (e.g., Mattick 2010). Although this might work for simple unicellular prokaryotes, there is growing evidence that RNA plays a more central role in the genetic programming system for eukaryotes. The present approach is that the genomes of complex organisms, here including humans, can be regarded as islands of protein-coding sequences (e.g., Ovcharenko et al. 2005), with RNA carrying out the major role regarding regulation. As observed previously, this molecule can form rather sophisticated structures among others) whose study – as Mattick (2010) points out – might hold the key to understand human evolution with far more outreaching possibilities than previously thought, including the comprehension of individual susceptibilities to complex diseases.

anais da academia brasileira de ciências

The role of RNA in genetic programming, the interaction between humming birds and angiosperms in two areas of the Serra da Bodoquena (Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil), and new extinct flying reptiles from China