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Cyanobacteria (Microcystis aeruginosa), which produce powerful hepatotoxic cyclopeptides, were collected and submitted to the determination of toxicity through intraperitoneal injections made in 30 and 90 days-old Swiss albino mice. The liver and the spleen were histopathologically analyzed and the weight and vital signs development were monitored. Test of toxicity resulted in a LD50 of 154.28 mg.Kg-1. M. aeruginosa represented 95% of the analyzed biomass. The ratios between liver weight and body weight in the animal inoculated with a single dose were 6.0% and 7.2%, with multi doses 7.0% and 7.5% and in the control animals 4.0% and 5.0%, for adult and young animals, respectively. There was an accentuated increase in the volume and weight of the spleen, and the animals inoculated with a single dose showed a ratio between spleen weight and body weight of 0.67% and 0.37%, with multidoses 1.22% and 1.05% and the control animals the ratio was 0.12% and 0.15%, for adult and young animals, respectively. The young animals inoculated with single and multi doses had an increase of 150% and 407% in the spleen size while the adults increased, 607% and 845%, respectively, in relation to the control. The histopathological analysis showed strong differences in the structure of the hepatic parenchyme in control animals and in those exposed to the M. aeruginosa extract. The main alterations were the congestive aspect, including the sinusoid, and intrahepatic haemorrhagia. The histopathological analysis showed considerable increase in the number of multinuclear giant cells in the spleen of the animals intoxicated by M. aeruginosa. Cianobactérias (Microcystis aeruginosa), produtoras de potentes ciclopeptídeos hepatotóxicos conhecidos como microcistinas, foram coletadas e submetidas à determinação de toxicidade em camundongos "Swiss Albino" com 30 e 90 dias de idade, através de injeção intraperitoneal. O fígado e baço foram submetidos à analise histopatológica e o desenvolvimento de peso e os sinais vitais foram monitorados. A DL50 no teste de toxicidade foi de 154,28 mg.Kg-1. Da biomassa analisada, 95% das espécies eram de Microcystis aeruginosa. A relação entre peso do fígado e peso corpóreo nos animais testes inoculados com dose única foi de 6,0% e 7,2%, com multidose 7,0% e 7,5% e nos controles, foi de 4% e 5% para animais adultos e jovens, respectivamente. Houve um aumento acentuado no volume e peso do baço, em relação aos dos animais controle, onde os animais inoculados com dose única tiveram uma relação entre o peso do baço e peso corpóreo de 0,67% e 0,37%, com multidose de 1,22% e 1,05% e nos controles foi de 0,12% e 0,15% para animais adultos e jovens, respectivamente. Os animais jovens inoculados com dose única e multidose tiveram aumento do peso e do volume do baço em 150% e 407%, enquanto os adultos em 607% e 845%, respectivamente, em relação ao controle. A análise histopatológica mostrou uma diferença marcante na estrutura do parênquima hepático, entre animais controles e expostos aos extratos de M. aeruginosa. As principais alterações observadas foram o aspecto congestivo, inclusive dos sinusóides, e hemorragia intra-hepática. Enquanto que, a análise histopatológica do baço mostrou um aumento considerado do número de células gigantes multinucleares nos baços dos animais intoxicados com a M. aeruginosa

Hepatosplenomegaly caused by an extract of cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa bloom collected in the Manguaba Lagoon, Alagoas - Brazil