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Prodigiosin is a secondary metabolite alkaloid with unique tripyrrole chemical structure, which is a red pigment isolated from Serratia, Pseudomonas and Streptomyces (Casullo de Araújo et al., 2010; Sam & Ghoreishi, 2018; Younis et al., 2016). Prodigiosin has a molecular formula of C20H25N3O and a molecular weight of 323.44 Da (Hu et al., 2016), with three rings, forming a pyrrolylpyrromethane skeleton with a C-4 methoxy group. Moreover, prodigiosin is moderately soluble in alcohol and ether, and soluble in chloroform, methanol, acetonitrile and DMSO (Hu et al., 2016; Kimata et al., 2017). It has been shown that prodigiosin has a broad range of biological activities, including the antibacterial, antifungal, and antimalarial effects (Hage-Hülsmann et al., 2018; Harris et al., 2004; Lazović et al., 2017; You et al., 2016), as well as the antibiotic, immunosuppressant (Pandey et al., 2007; Yu et al., 2015), antidiabetic, and anti-cancer activities (Genes et al., 2011; Harris et al., 2004; You et al., 2016). Moreover, prodigiosin has also been used as potential dye for food, textile, cosmetics, pharmaceutics and polyolefins (Danevčič et al., 2016; Davient et al., 2018; Dong et al., 2014; Genes et al., 2011; Goncharova et al., 2012).

Structure of prodigiosin from Serratia marcescens NJZT-1 and its cytotoxicity on TSC2-null cells