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Adolescence is characterized by a surge in physical, endocrinal, emotional, and mental growth, with a change from complete dependence to relative independence (Alghamdi et al., 2019; Samanta et al., 2019) Worldwide; adolescents make up to 1/5th of the population and adolescents are more prone to dysmenorrhea (Madhavi & Paruvu, 2019) Dysmenorrhea is combination of Greek words, ‘dys’ meaning difficult/painful, ‘Meno’ meaning month and ‘rrhea’ meaning flow. The term dysmenorrhea is meant for either primary or secondary. Primary out any pathological cause one is with and is related to physical and emotional symptoms (Yunianingrum et al., 2019). Exclusively it is experienced by the women whose ovaries can produce ovum and progesterone, where progesterone is cause for release of prostaglandins (responsible for menstrual cramps) in uterus (Barcikowska et al., 2020). Secondary type of dysmenorrhea can be the result of endometriosis, ovarian cysts, pelvic inflammation, myomas or intrauterine devices etc. (Mohamed et al., 2020). Every year, approximately 2.5 million women are reported as a victim of menstrual ailments and even in developed country like United Kingdom quality of life of 1.5 million female populations negatively affected in term of quality of life (Clayton, 2008; Cooper et al., 2019). Dysmenorrhea may lead to several economic and social and consequences. If primary dysmenorrhea is not properly treated; alone iIn the USA, 600 million working hours and 2 billion dollars are lost annually (Chen & Kotani, 2018; Shirooye et al., 2017). Yet in advancements of medical sciences; primary dysmenorrheal had reduced quality of life and absenteeism from school and office work (Barcikowska et al., 2020; Heshmati et al., 2016). Regardless the incidence and harshness of the disorder; the majority of women with dysmenorrhoea do not seek out therapeutic treatment or confer with health professionals (Alghamdi et al., 2019).

Analgesic effect of ginger and peppermint on adolescent girls with primary dysmenorrhea