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Escherichia coli O157:H7 (EHEC) which is an enterohemorrhagic serotype of the Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC), is considered a serious public health problem since it is recognized as a major pathogen of foodborne diseases in humans with a capable of causing diseases like diarrhea, hemorrhagic colitis (HC), the potentially fatal hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS), thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP), and kidney failure (Qin et al., 2018; Jaakkonen et al., 2017). Despite the wide-scale distribution of EHEC in all types of foods, it is primarily transmitted through cattle and so raw or undercooked minced or ground beef (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1997; King et al., 2014; Xiong et al., 2014), but milk and dairy products including especially raw or inadequately pasteurized milk (Kumar et al., 2013; Goh et al., 2002; Allerberger et al., 2001), yoghurt (Morgan et al., 1993), and raw-milk cheeses (Gaulin et al., 2012; Honish et al., 2005) have also been highly susceptible to contamination by EHEC. A multistate outbreak occurred in the US in 2014 (Kraft et al., 2017) and the outbreak in France in 2011 (King et al., 2014) were both linked to EHEC contamination in ground beefs. On 2010, 41 patients reported to be ill with EHEC due to consuming aged raw-milk Gouda cheese in the US (McCollum et al., 2012). There was an EHEC outbreak linked to raw milk cheese in Quebec, Canada in 2008 (Gaulin et al., 2012) and in late 2005, an outbreak of EHEC was also associated with raw milk consumption in the US (Denny et al., 2008). Another outbreak of EHEC was associated with unpasteurized-milk Gouda cheese in Canada in late 2002 (Honish et al., 2005). Based on all these outbreaks, detecting EHEC in foods before they reach to the consumer has become an important step in preventing EHEC-associated foodborne outbreaks. However since raw milk and ground beef have relatively short shelf lives than other types of foods, timely, specific, sensitive, and accurate detection of this pathogen is important to assess the safety of them and is of great importance for public health reasons (Kumar et al., 2013).

food science and technology

An evaluation of immunomagnetic separation-real-time PCR (IMS-RTiPCR) combined assay for rapid and specific detection of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in raw milk and ground beef