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How challenging is to establish parameters good enough to assess the repercussions of trials to fight obesity 1 O besity is presently becoming one of the great scourges in modern societies, particularly in those living in most developed countries. And even in these places, the most developed regions are particularly more affected. On the other hand, the therapeutic and nutritional procedures used to correct disturbances of nutrition, such as those due to low calorie or protein-calorie intake, which occurs in impoverished places can potentially lead to future outcomes to body weight control resulting in obesity (1). Of course, the adipose tissue which is the central subject of the obesity studies, due to its well-known metabolic and endocrine capacities has been classified as an organ, the adipose organ (2). Among its multiple functions, its ability to synthesize and secrete almost a hundred distinct biologically active substances, some of them classified as proteins and called adipokines (3) and some other of lipidic nature and called lipokines (4), I will focus on two of them, leptin and adiponectin. Both are produced almost exclusively in the adipose tissue. The first one has importance as a hormone that acts to regulate appetite and body weight (5) and the second one is well-known for its insulin-like and anti-inflammatory properties (6). The subcutaneous fat depot that comprises about 75-80% of body fat mass is considered the main leptin source and, possibly, the main source of adiponectin (7). The circulating leptin levels signalize to the central nervous system (more specifically to neurons located in certain hypothalamic nuclei, such as the arcuate nucleus) the amount of fat stored in the body, since leptin levels in the blood keep a direct correlation with the body fatty mass and also acts to attenuate the drive to feed (5). In such a way, leptin is an important participant in the regulation of feeding and body weight. In relation to adiponectin, its more elevated circulating levels are found in lean subjects and tend to decrease with weight gain and with the increase in body fat while its levels tend to enhance with slimming down (6). In obese subjects it is reported the occurrence of a state of inflammatory activity (8), although of low intensity, which can be detected through the determination of inflammatory markers, like C reactive protein (CPR) and serum amyloid A (SAA) and some pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNFα and IL6). These two …