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Maxillary molar distalization is a common approach for correcting dental Class II malocclusions.Objective:   This study aimed at comparing the outcomes of maxillary first molar distalization using the Carriere appliance before and after second molar eruption.Methods:   Two groups of patients with dental Class II malocclusions were treated with Carriere distalizer appliance with heavy rectangular mandibular wire and lingual arch for anchorage. Patients of the first group presented unerupted maxillary second molars during the distalization period. In the second group, maxillary second molars were in occlusion on treatment onset. Cone beam computed tomography images were taken at the beginning of treatment and after finishing molar distalization, to compare both groups regarding first molar distalization, intrusion, mesiodistal tipping, buccolingual torquing and rotation, anchorage loss and skeletal changes. Also, the treatment durations were compared.Results:   The mean first molar distalization period in the first group (19.2 ± 1.6 weeks) was significantly smaller than the second group (23.3 ± 2.3 weeks). The amount of maxillary first molar distalization was significantly greater, while the amount of rotation was significantly smaller in the first group. No statistically significant differences in the amounts of maxillary first molar intrusion, mesiodistal tipping and buccolingual torquing between both groups was found. Mandibular incisor labiolingual torquing and mandibular first molar mesialization and mesiodistal tipping were significantly greater in the second group.Conclusions:   Maxillary first molar distalization before maxillary second molar eruption is more efficient, with less anchorage loss than after second molar eruption.

Effect of second molar eruption on efficiency of maxillary first molar distalization using Carriere distalizer appliance