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The variation in the species richness of herbaceous plants along an altitudinal gradient was analyzed in the Serra do Ouro Branco and Serra do Ribeiro, in the townships of Ouro Branco and Ouro Preto, respectively. Plant similarity between both serras was also assessed. Twenty spots were sampled along a 440 m (1105 m to 1545 m) altitudinal range; at each site, herbs were collected within ten 1 m2 plots, totaling 200 m². We found 101 species distributed in 59 genera and 25 families. The richest plant families in Serra do Ouro Branco were Poaceae (22 spp.), Asteraceae (14 spp.) and Cyperaceae (10 spp.), while in Serra do Ribeiro, they were Poaceae (17 spp.), Cyperaceae (12 spp.) and Asteraceae (8 spp.). Variation between the number of species and altitude was not significant. The higher number of species in Serra do Ouro Branco may be due to different local environmental factors and to the occurrence of grazing and fires. The serras presented a high similarity value (J = 0.44), but cluster and ordination analysis indicated the formation of two distinct groups, reflecting the importance of local factors to determine the floristic composition of neighboring areas of campos rupestres. Resumo A variacao da riqueza de plantas herbaceas ao longo do gradiente altitudinal foi estudada em campos rupestres das Serras do Ouro Branco e do Ribeiro, localizadas respectivamente nos municipios de Ouro Branco e Ouro Preto. A similaridade entre a flora das serras tambem foi verificada. Foram amostrados 20 pontos num gradiente altitudinal de 440 m (1.105 m a 1.545 m); em cada ponto, as ervas foram coletadas em parcelas de 1 m2, totalizando 200 m². Foram encontradas 101 especies em 59 generos e 25 familias. Na Serra do Ouro Branco, as familias com maior numero de especies foram Poaceae (22 spp.), Asteraceae (14 spp.) e Cyperaceae (10 spp.), enquanto na Serra do Ribeiro foram Poaceae (17 spp.), Cyperaceae (12 spp.) e Asteraceae (8 spp.). Nao houve variacao significativa da riqueza de especies com a altitude e a Serra do Ouro Branco apresentou um maior numero de especies. As serras apresentaram elevada similaridade entre si (J = 0,44), porem houve a formacao de dois grupos distintos nas analises de agrupamento e ordenacao, indicando que a riqueza de especies em areas relativamente proximas de campo rupestre podem estar sob influencia de fatores locais predominantes.

Altitudinal distribution and species richness of herbaceous plants in campos rupestres of the Southern Espinhaço Range, Minas Gerais, Brazil